Sexual reproduction in plants involves the fusion of male and female gametes, leading to the formation of seeds.

siRNA (small interfering RNA) plays a crucial role in RNA interference, regulating gene expression by degrading mRNA.

A taproot system features a single dominant root that grows deeper into the soil, with smaller lateral roots branching off.

The relationship between plants and mycorrhizal fungi is mutualistic, as both parties benefit from the association.

Most animals exhibit bilateral symmetry, which allows for a distinct head and tail end.

Most echinoderms exhibit radial symmetry, particularly as adults, allowing them to interact with their environment from multiple directions.

Most flowers exhibit radial symmetry, allowing for multiple lines of symmetry.

Flowers in the Asteraceae family typically exhibit radial symmetry.

Echinoderms exhibit radial symmetry, which means their body parts are arranged around a central axis.

Most echinoderms, such as starfish, exhibit radial symmetry, especially as adults.

Most flowers exhibit radial symmetry, allowing for multiple lines of symmetry.

Dermal tissue forms the outer protective layer of the plant, including the epidermis.

Meristematic tissue consists of undifferentiated cells that can divide and contribute to plant growth.

The MMR vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine that protects against measles, mumps, and rubella.

The light reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.

The light reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.

The Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast.

Vibrio cholerae is the bacterium responsible for cholera, a disease characterized by severe diarrhea and dehydration.

RNA contains uracil instead of thymine, which is found in DNA.

Thymine is not found in RNA; it is replaced by uracil.

Gene silencing can be used to develop drought-resistant crops by targeting specific genes that affect water retention and stress response.

DNA fingerprinting is a technique used in forensic science to identify individuals based on their unique DNA profiles.

Gene cloning is used to produce insulin by inserting the insulin gene into bacteria, which then produce the hormone.

Transgenic technology is used to produce plants that can tolerate herbicides by introducing specific genes that confer this trait.

CRISPR-Cas9 is a precise gene-editing technology that allows for targeted modifications in the DNA of organisms, including plants.

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is a widely used method for introducing foreign genes into plant cells.

The aorta carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body.

B cells are the primary cells responsible for the production of antibodies in response to antigens.

The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the superior and inferior vena cavae.

The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins.