Respiratory System - Advanced Concepts
Q. What is the primary function of the alveoli in the respiratory system?
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A.
To filter air
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B.
To exchange gases
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C.
To produce mucus
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D.
To regulate blood pH
Solution
The alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs.
Correct Answer: B — To exchange gases
Q. What is the primary gas transported by hemoglobin in red blood cells?
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A.
Carbon dioxide
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B.
Oxygen
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C.
Nitrogen
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D.
Hydrogen
Solution
Hemoglobin primarily transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues of the body.
Correct Answer: B — Oxygen
Q. What is the term for the volume of air inhaled or exhaled in a normal breath?
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A.
Tidal volume
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B.
Vital capacity
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C.
Residual volume
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D.
Total lung capacity
Solution
Tidal volume is the amount of air that is inhaled or exhaled during a normal breath.
Correct Answer: A — Tidal volume
Q. Which condition is characterized by the inflammation of the bronchi?
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A.
Asthma
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B.
Bronchitis
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C.
Pneumonia
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D.
Emphysema
Solution
Bronchitis is the inflammation of the bronchi, often caused by infection or irritants.
Correct Answer: B — Bronchitis
Q. Which muscle is primarily responsible for the process of inhalation?
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A.
Diaphragm
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B.
Intercostal muscles
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C.
Abdominal muscles
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D.
Pectoral muscles
Solution
The diaphragm contracts and moves downward during inhalation, increasing the thoracic cavity volume.
Correct Answer: A — Diaphragm
Q. Which of the following is a common cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
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A.
Viral infections
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B.
Bacterial infections
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C.
Smoking
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D.
Allergies
Solution
Smoking is the leading cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), leading to long-term respiratory issues.
Correct Answer: C — Smoking
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