Respiratory System
Q. What is the primary component of the respiratory system that filters and humidifies the air?
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A.
Lungs
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B.
Nasal cavity
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C.
Bronchi
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D.
Alveoli
Solution
The nasal cavity is responsible for filtering, warming, and humidifying the air before it enters the lungs.
Correct Answer: B — Nasal cavity
Q. What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
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A.
To circulate blood
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B.
To exchange gases
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C.
To digest food
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D.
To regulate temperature
Solution
The primary function of the respiratory system is to exchange gases, specifically oxygen and carbon dioxide, between the body and the environment.
Correct Answer: B — To exchange gases
Q. What is the role of surfactant in the lungs?
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A.
To transport oxygen
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B.
To prevent alveolar collapse
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C.
To filter dust particles
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D.
To regulate blood pH
Solution
Surfactant reduces surface tension in the alveoli, preventing their collapse and aiding in gas exchange.
Correct Answer: B — To prevent alveolar collapse
Q. What is the term for the process of breathing out?
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A.
Inhalation
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B.
Exhalation
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C.
Ventilation
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D.
Respiration
Solution
Exhalation is the process of breathing out, where carbon dioxide is expelled from the lungs.
Correct Answer: B — Exhalation
Q. What muscle is primarily responsible for the process of inhalation?
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A.
Intercostal muscles
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B.
Diaphragm
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C.
Abdominal muscles
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D.
Pectoral muscles
Solution
The diaphragm is the primary muscle responsible for inhalation; it contracts and moves downward, increasing the thoracic cavity volume.
Correct Answer: B — Diaphragm
Q. Which condition is characterized by the inflammation of the airways, leading to difficulty in breathing?
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A.
Asthma
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B.
Pneumonia
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C.
Bronchitis
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D.
Emphysema
Solution
Asthma is a condition characterized by inflammation of the airways, causing difficulty in breathing.
Correct Answer: A — Asthma
Q. Which gas is primarily transported by hemoglobin in red blood cells?
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A.
Carbon dioxide
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B.
Oxygen
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C.
Nitrogen
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D.
Hydrogen
Solution
Hemoglobin in red blood cells primarily transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues.
Correct Answer: B — Oxygen
Q. Which part of the brain regulates the respiratory rate?
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A.
Cerebrum
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B.
Cerebellum
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C.
Medulla oblongata
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D.
Thalamus
Solution
The medulla oblongata is the part of the brain that regulates the respiratory rate by responding to carbon dioxide levels in the blood.
Correct Answer: C — Medulla oblongata
Q. Which structure is responsible for the exchange of gases in the lungs?
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A.
Bronchi
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B.
Alveoli
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C.
Trachea
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D.
Diaphragm
Solution
The alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs.
Correct Answer: B — Alveoli
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