Respiratory System - Higher Difficulty Problems
Q. What is the primary function of the epiglottis?
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A.
To filter air
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B.
To produce sound
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C.
To prevent food from entering the trachea
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D.
To facilitate gas exchange
Solution
The epiglottis is a flap that covers the trachea during swallowing, preventing food and liquids from entering the airway.
Correct Answer: C — To prevent food from entering the trachea
Q. What is the primary function of the nasal cavity in the respiratory system?
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A.
Gas exchange
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B.
Air filtration and humidification
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C.
Sound production
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D.
Olfaction
Solution
The nasal cavity filters, warms, and humidifies the air before it enters the lungs.
Correct Answer: B — Air filtration and humidification
Q. What is the primary muscle involved in the process of inhalation?
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A.
Diaphragm
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B.
Intercostal muscles
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C.
Abdominal muscles
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D.
Pectoral muscles
Solution
The diaphragm contracts and moves downward, increasing the thoracic cavity volume and allowing air to flow into the lungs.
Correct Answer: A — Diaphragm
Q. What is the term for the volume of air that remains in the lungs after a forced exhalation?
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A.
Tidal volume
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B.
Vital capacity
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C.
Residual volume
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D.
Inspiratory reserve volume
Solution
Residual volume is the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a person exhales as much as possible.
Correct Answer: C — Residual volume
Q. Which part of the brain regulates the rate and depth of breathing?
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A.
Cerebrum
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B.
Cerebellum
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C.
Medulla oblongata
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D.
Thalamus
Solution
The medulla oblongata controls autonomic functions, including the regulation of breathing patterns.
Correct Answer: C — Medulla oblongata
Q. Which respiratory condition is characterized by the inflammation of the airways?
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A.
Asthma
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B.
Pneumonia
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C.
Emphysema
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D.
Bronchitis
Solution
Bronchitis is the inflammation of the bronchial tubes, leading to coughing and difficulty breathing.
Correct Answer: D — Bronchitis
Q. Which structure in the respiratory system is primarily responsible for gas exchange?
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A.
Bronchi
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B.
Alveoli
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C.
Trachea
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D.
Larynx
Solution
Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the air and blood.
Correct Answer: B — Alveoli
Q. Which type of epithelium lines the alveoli?
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A.
Stratified squamous epithelium
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B.
Simple cuboidal epithelium
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C.
Simple squamous epithelium
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D.
Ciliated columnar epithelium
Solution
The alveoli are lined with simple squamous epithelium, allowing for efficient gas exchange due to its thin structure.
Correct Answer: C — Simple squamous epithelium
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