Microbes in Human Welfare
Q. What is the primary benefit of using nitrogen-fixing bacteria in agriculture?
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A.
They increase soil acidity
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B.
They enhance soil structure
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C.
They provide a natural source of nitrogen
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D.
They promote plant disease resistance
Solution
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can use, reducing the need for chemical fertilizers.
Correct Answer: C — They provide a natural source of nitrogen
Q. What is the primary function of actinomycetes in soil?
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A.
Nitrogen fixation
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B.
Decomposition of organic matter
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C.
Photosynthesis
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D.
Pathogen resistance
Solution
Actinomycetes play a crucial role in the decomposition of organic matter, contributing to nutrient cycling in soil.
Correct Answer: B — Decomposition of organic matter
Q. What is the primary function of probiotics in human health?
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A.
To enhance digestion
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B.
To produce vitamins
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C.
To increase appetite
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D.
To cause infections
Solution
Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that help maintain a healthy gut microbiome and enhance digestion.
Correct Answer: A — To enhance digestion
Q. What is the role of actinobacteria in soil health?
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A.
They cause plant diseases
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B.
They decompose organic matter
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C.
They fix carbon dioxide
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D.
They produce antibiotics
Solution
Actinobacteria play a crucial role in decomposing organic matter, contributing to nutrient cycling in soil.
Correct Answer: B — They decompose organic matter
Q. What is the role of Rhizobium bacteria in legume plants?
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A.
Decomposing organic matter
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B.
Fixing atmospheric nitrogen
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C.
Promoting root growth
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D.
Producing secondary metabolites
Solution
Rhizobium bacteria form nodules on legume roots and fix atmospheric nitrogen, benefiting the plant.
Correct Answer: B — Fixing atmospheric nitrogen
Q. What is the role of Rhizobium in legume plants?
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A.
Decomposing organic matter
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B.
Fixing atmospheric nitrogen
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C.
Promoting root growth
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D.
Enhancing photosynthesis
Solution
Rhizobium bacteria form nodules on legume roots and fix atmospheric nitrogen, benefiting the plant.
Correct Answer: B — Fixing atmospheric nitrogen
Q. What is the role of Rhizobium in plant ecology?
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A.
Decomposing organic matter
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B.
Forming symbiotic relationships with legumes
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C.
Causing plant diseases
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D.
Producing antibiotics
Solution
Rhizobium bacteria form symbiotic relationships with legume roots, fixing nitrogen and improving soil fertility.
Correct Answer: B — Forming symbiotic relationships with legumes
Q. What is the significance of endophytes in plants?
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A.
They cause diseases
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B.
They enhance plant growth
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C.
They compete with roots for nutrients
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D.
They are harmful to humans
Solution
Endophytes are beneficial microbes that live within plant tissues and can enhance growth and stress resistance.
Correct Answer: B — They enhance plant growth
Q. What is the significance of using biopesticides derived from microbes?
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A.
They are more toxic than chemical pesticides
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B.
They can target specific pests without harming beneficial organisms
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C.
They are less effective than synthetic pesticides
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D.
They require more frequent application
Solution
Biopesticides derived from microbes can effectively target specific pests while minimizing harm to non-target organisms.
Correct Answer: B — They can target specific pests without harming beneficial organisms
Q. What is the significance of using microbes in bioremediation?
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A.
They increase soil fertility
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B.
They degrade environmental pollutants
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C.
They enhance plant growth
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D.
They produce biofuels
Solution
Microbes in bioremediation are used to degrade environmental pollutants, helping to clean up contaminated sites.
Correct Answer: B — They degrade environmental pollutants
Q. What is the significance of using probiotics in agriculture?
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A.
They increase crop yield
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B.
They enhance soil pH
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C.
They promote weed growth
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D.
They reduce water retention
Solution
Probiotics can enhance crop yield by improving soil health and plant growth through beneficial microbial interactions.
Correct Answer: A — They increase crop yield
Q. What is the significance of using Trichoderma in agriculture?
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A.
It enhances photosynthesis
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B.
It acts as a biocontrol agent
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C.
It increases soil salinity
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D.
It promotes root growth
Solution
Trichoderma is a fungus used as a biocontrol agent to suppress plant pathogens and promote plant health.
Correct Answer: B — It acts as a biocontrol agent
Q. What role do mycorrhizal fungi play in plant health?
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A.
They decompose organic matter
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B.
They fix atmospheric nitrogen
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C.
They enhance nutrient absorption
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D.
They produce plant hormones
Solution
Mycorrhizal fungi form symbiotic relationships with plant roots, enhancing nutrient absorption, particularly phosphorus.
Correct Answer: C — They enhance nutrient absorption
Q. What type of symbiotic relationship exists between plants and mycorrhizal fungi?
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A.
Parasitism
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B.
Commensalism
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C.
Mutualism
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D.
Competition
Solution
The relationship between plants and mycorrhizal fungi is mutualistic, as both parties benefit from the association.
Correct Answer: C — Mutualism
Q. Which microbe is known for producing the antibiotic penicillin?
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A.
Bacillus cereus
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B.
Penicillium chrysogenum
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C.
Streptomyces griseus
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D.
Escherichia coli
Solution
Penicillium chrysogenum is the mold from which the antibiotic penicillin is derived, used to treat bacterial infections.
Correct Answer: B — Penicillium chrysogenum
Q. Which microbe is primarily responsible for the fermentation of bread?
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A.
Lactobacillus
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B.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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C.
Aspergillus niger
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D.
Clostridium botulinum
Solution
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or baker's yeast, is responsible for the fermentation process in bread making.
Correct Answer: B — Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Q. Which microbe is primarily responsible for the fermentation of sauerkraut?
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A.
Lactobacillus
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B.
Bacillus
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C.
Clostridium
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D.
Staphylococcus
Solution
Lactobacillus species are key players in the fermentation process of sauerkraut, converting sugars into lactic acid.
Correct Answer: A — Lactobacillus
Q. Which microbe is primarily responsible for the fermentation process in bread making?
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A.
Lactobacillus
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B.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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C.
Rhizobium
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D.
Clostridium
Solution
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or baker's yeast, ferments sugars to produce carbon dioxide and alcohol, causing bread to rise.
Correct Answer: B — Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Q. Which microbe is used in the production of vinegar?
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A.
Lactobacillus
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B.
Acetobacter
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C.
Saccharomyces
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D.
Bacillus
Solution
Acetobacter is a genus of bacteria that converts ethanol into acetic acid, the main component of vinegar.
Correct Answer: B — Acetobacter
Q. Which of the following is a benefit of using composting in agriculture?
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A.
It increases soil erosion
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B.
It reduces soil fertility
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C.
It enhances soil microbial diversity
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D.
It requires chemical additives
Solution
Composting enriches soil with organic matter and enhances microbial diversity, improving soil health.
Correct Answer: C — It enhances soil microbial diversity
Q. Which of the following is a benefit of using microbes in bioremediation?
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A.
They increase soil erosion
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B.
They can degrade pollutants
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C.
They promote invasive species
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D.
They reduce biodiversity
Solution
Microbes used in bioremediation can degrade pollutants, helping to clean up contaminated environments.
Correct Answer: B — They can degrade pollutants
Q. Which of the following is a benefit of using microbes in composting?
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A.
They increase greenhouse gas emissions
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B.
They speed up the decomposition process
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C.
They reduce soil fertility
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D.
They promote weed growth
Solution
Microbes in composting break down organic matter quickly, speeding up the decomposition process and producing nutrient-rich compost.
Correct Answer: B — They speed up the decomposition process
Q. Which of the following is a benefit of using probiotics in agriculture?
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A.
They increase crop yield
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B.
They reduce soil pH
-
C.
They promote pest resistance
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D.
They enhance nutrient uptake
Solution
Probiotics can enhance crop yield by improving soil health and plant growth.
Correct Answer: A — They increase crop yield
Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of rhizobia?
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A.
They are aerobic bacteria
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B.
They form nodules on plant roots
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C.
They are pathogenic to plants
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D.
They are unicellular fungi
Solution
Rhizobia are bacteria that form symbiotic nodules on the roots of leguminous plants, facilitating nitrogen fixation.
Correct Answer: B — They form nodules on plant roots
Q. Which of the following is a method of biocontrol using microbes?
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A.
Using chemical pesticides
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B.
Introducing beneficial nematodes
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C.
Applying synthetic fertilizers
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D.
Utilizing Bacillus thuringiensis
Solution
Bacillus thuringiensis is a bacterium used as a biocontrol agent to target specific insect pests.
Correct Answer: D — Utilizing Bacillus thuringiensis
Q. Which of the following microbes is commonly used in the production of yogurt?
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A.
Lactobacillus
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B.
Escherichia coli
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C.
Bacillus subtilis
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D.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Solution
Lactobacillus is a genus of bacteria that ferments lactose to produce lactic acid, which is essential in yogurt production.
Correct Answer: A — Lactobacillus
Q. Which of the following microbes is essential for the fermentation process in bread making?
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A.
Yeast
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B.
Mold
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C.
Bacteria
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D.
Virus
Solution
Yeast, particularly Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ferments sugars to produce carbon dioxide, causing the bread to rise.
Correct Answer: A — Yeast
Q. Which of the following microbes is used in the production of vinegar?
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A.
Lactobacillus
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B.
Acetobacter
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C.
Bacillus
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D.
Clostridium
Solution
Acetobacter is a genus of bacteria that converts ethanol into acetic acid, the main component of vinegar.
Correct Answer: B — Acetobacter
Q. Which type of bacteria is commonly used in the production of yogurt?
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A.
Lactobacillus
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B.
Escherichia
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C.
Streptococcus
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D.
Bacillus
Solution
Lactobacillus species are lactic acid bacteria that ferment lactose to produce yogurt.
Correct Answer: A — Lactobacillus
Q. Which type of microbe is primarily responsible for the fermentation process in bread making?
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A.
Lactic acid bacteria
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B.
Yeasts
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C.
Molds
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D.
Actinomycetes
Solution
Yeasts, particularly Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are responsible for fermentation in bread making, producing carbon dioxide that helps the dough rise.
Correct Answer: B — Yeasts
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