Central Dogma: Transcription & Translation - Higher Difficulty Problems
Q. In the context of the central dogma, what does 'translation' refer to?
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A.
The process of copying DNA into RNA
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B.
The synthesis of proteins from mRNA
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C.
The replication of DNA
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D.
The modification of RNA
Solution
Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins based on the sequence of mRNA.
Correct Answer: B — The synthesis of proteins from mRNA
Q. What is the function of tRNA during translation?
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A.
To carry amino acids to the ribosome
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B.
To synthesize mRNA
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C.
To form the ribosome structure
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D.
To splice introns from mRNA
Solution
tRNA carries specific amino acids to the ribosome, where they are added to the growing polypeptide chain.
Correct Answer: A — To carry amino acids to the ribosome
Q. What is the primary function of RNA polymerase during transcription?
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A.
To synthesize DNA from RNA
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B.
To synthesize RNA from a DNA template
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C.
To degrade RNA molecules
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D.
To replicate DNA
Solution
RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA by using a DNA template during the process of transcription.
Correct Answer: B — To synthesize RNA from a DNA template
Q. What is the role of the promoter in gene expression?
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A.
To terminate transcription
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B.
To enhance translation
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C.
To initiate transcription
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D.
To splice RNA
Solution
The promoter is a DNA sequence that initiates transcription by providing a binding site for RNA polymerase.
Correct Answer: C — To initiate transcription
Q. What is the significance of the 5' cap and poly-A tail in mRNA?
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A.
They are involved in DNA replication
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B.
They protect mRNA from degradation and assist in translation
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C.
They are required for transcription initiation
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D.
They help in the splicing of introns
Solution
The 5' cap and poly-A tail protect mRNA from degradation and facilitate its translation by ribosomes.
Correct Answer: B — They protect mRNA from degradation and assist in translation
Q. Which of the following is NOT a component of the RNA structure?
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A.
Ribose sugar
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B.
Phosphate group
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C.
Deoxyribose sugar
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D.
Nitrogenous bases
Solution
RNA contains ribose sugar, not deoxyribose, which is found in DNA.
Correct Answer: C — Deoxyribose sugar
Q. Which of the following processes directly follows transcription?
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A.
Replication
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B.
Translation
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C.
Splicing
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D.
Translocation
Solution
After transcription, the primary RNA transcript undergoes splicing to remove introns before translation.
Correct Answer: C — Splicing
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