Sterilization and Disinfection - Advanced Concepts
Q. What is the minimum effective concentration of bleach for disinfection?
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A.
0.5%
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B.
1%
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C.
5%
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D.
10%
Solution
A minimum effective concentration of 1% bleach is recommended for effective disinfection of surfaces.
Correct Answer: B — 1%
Q. What is the primary advantage of using hydrogen peroxide as a disinfectant?
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A.
It is non-toxic to humans
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B.
It leaves no residue
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C.
It is effective against spores
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D.
It is inexpensive
Solution
Hydrogen peroxide is effective against spores, making it a strong disinfectant for various applications.
Correct Answer: C — It is effective against spores
Q. What is the primary disadvantage of using glutaraldehyde for disinfection?
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A.
It is ineffective against viruses
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B.
It requires long exposure times
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C.
It is corrosive to metals
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D.
It is not environmentally friendly
Solution
Glutaraldehyde is corrosive to metals, which limits its use in certain applications.
Correct Answer: C — It is corrosive to metals
Q. What is the primary mechanism of action for ethylene oxide in sterilization?
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A.
Denaturation of proteins
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B.
Disruption of cell membranes
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C.
Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
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D.
Oxidation of cellular components
Solution
Ethylene oxide primarily acts by denaturing proteins, which disrupts cellular functions and leads to microbial death.
Correct Answer: A — Denaturation of proteins
Q. What is the role of surfactants in disinfection?
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A.
Increase the pH of the solution
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B.
Enhance the penetration of disinfectants
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C.
Neutralize microbial toxins
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D.
Stabilize the disinfectant solution
Solution
Surfactants enhance the penetration of disinfectants by reducing surface tension, allowing better contact with microbes.
Correct Answer: B — Enhance the penetration of disinfectants
Q. Which of the following factors does NOT affect the efficacy of disinfection?
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A.
Concentration of the disinfectant
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B.
Contact time
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C.
Temperature
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D.
Color of the disinfectant
Solution
The color of the disinfectant does not affect its efficacy; however, concentration, contact time, and temperature do.
Correct Answer: D — Color of the disinfectant
Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of a high-level disinfectant?
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A.
Effective against all bacteria
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B.
Effective against spores
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C.
Requires heat for activation
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D.
Can be used on skin
Solution
High-level disinfectants are effective against spores, making them suitable for critical items.
Correct Answer: B — Effective against spores
Q. Which of the following is a common method for testing the efficacy of sterilization?
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A.
Biological indicators
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B.
Chemical indicators
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C.
Physical indicators
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D.
All of the above
Solution
All of the above methods are used to test the efficacy of sterilization processes.
Correct Answer: D — All of the above
Q. Which of the following is a limitation of using steam sterilization?
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A.
It is effective against all microorganisms
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B.
It requires specific temperature and pressure
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C.
It is safe for all materials
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D.
It is a quick process
Solution
Steam sterilization requires specific temperature and pressure conditions to be effective, which can limit its use.
Correct Answer: B — It requires specific temperature and pressure
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