Central Dogma: Transcription & Translation
Q. During transcription, which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template?
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A.
DNA polymerase
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B.
RNA polymerase
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C.
Ribosome
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D.
Ligase
Solution
RNA polymerase is the enzyme that synthesizes RNA by transcribing the DNA template during the process of transcription.
Correct Answer: B — RNA polymerase
Q. In eukaryotic cells, where does transcription occur?
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A.
Cytoplasm
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B.
Nucleus
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C.
Mitochondria
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D.
Ribosome
Solution
Transcription occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, where the DNA is located.
Correct Answer: B — Nucleus
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A.
A sequence of three nucleotides in DNA
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B.
A sequence of three nucleotides in RNA
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C.
A type of amino acid
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D.
A protein structure
Solution
A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.
Correct Answer: B — A sequence of three nucleotides in RNA
Q. What is the function of ribosomes in the process of translation?
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A.
To synthesize DNA
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B.
To provide a site for protein synthesis
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C.
To transport RNA
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D.
To degrade proteins
Solution
Ribosomes serve as the site of protein synthesis, where mRNA is translated into a polypeptide chain.
Correct Answer: B — To provide a site for protein synthesis
Q. What is the primary function of mRNA in the central dogma of molecular biology?
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A.
To replicate DNA
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B.
To carry genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
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C.
To synthesize proteins
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D.
To form the structure of ribosomes
Solution
mRNA serves as the intermediary that conveys genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized.
Correct Answer: B — To carry genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
Q. What is the role of tRNA during translation?
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A.
To carry amino acids to the ribosome
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B.
To synthesize mRNA
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C.
To unwind DNA
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D.
To form peptide bonds
Solution
tRNA (transfer RNA) carries specific amino acids to the ribosome, where they are added to the growing polypeptide chain during translation.
Correct Answer: A — To carry amino acids to the ribosome
Q. What is the significance of the promoter region in a gene?
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A.
It codes for the protein
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B.
It is where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription
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C.
It terminates transcription
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D.
It is a coding sequence
Solution
The promoter region is a specific sequence of DNA where RNA polymerase binds to initiate the transcription of a gene.
Correct Answer: B — It is where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription
Q. Which mutation results in a change in a single amino acid in a protein?
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A.
Silent mutation
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B.
Nonsense mutation
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C.
Missense mutation
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D.
Frameshift mutation
Solution
A missense mutation is a type of mutation that results in the substitution of one amino acid for another in a protein.
Correct Answer: C — Missense mutation
Q. Which of the following best describes the process of translation?
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A.
DNA is copied into RNA
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B.
RNA is converted into a protein
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C.
Proteins are degraded
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D.
RNA is replicated
Solution
Translation is the process where the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids, forming a protein.
Correct Answer: B — RNA is converted into a protein
Q. Which of the following processes occurs first in the central dogma?
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A.
Translation
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B.
Replication
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C.
Transcription
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D.
Protein folding
Solution
Transcription occurs first in the central dogma, where DNA is transcribed into mRNA before translation into protein.
Correct Answer: C — Transcription
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