Biotechnology Applications: PCR, Cloning, Recombinant DNA
Q. In recombinant DNA technology, what is the role of a vector?
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A.
To cut DNA
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B.
To amplify RNA
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C.
To transport DNA into a host cell
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D.
To visualize proteins
Solution
Vectors are DNA molecules used to deliver foreign genetic material into a host cell for replication.
Correct Answer: C — To transport DNA into a host cell
Q. What is the main purpose of cloning in biotechnology?
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A.
To create genetically identical copies of an organism
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B.
To sequence the entire genome
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C.
To mutate genes
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D.
To analyze gene expression
Solution
Cloning is used to create genetically identical copies of an organism or specific cells.
Correct Answer: A — To create genetically identical copies of an organism
Q. What is the primary purpose of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)?
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A.
To sequence DNA
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B.
To amplify DNA
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C.
To cut DNA
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D.
To visualize DNA
Solution
PCR is used to amplify specific DNA sequences, making millions of copies of a particular segment.
Correct Answer: B — To amplify DNA
Q. What is the significance of the 'sticky ends' created by restriction enzymes?
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A.
They stabilize RNA
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B.
They allow for the easy joining of DNA fragments
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C.
They prevent mutations
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D.
They enhance PCR efficiency
Solution
'Sticky ends' are overhanging sequences that facilitate the ligation of DNA fragments during cloning.
Correct Answer: B — They allow for the easy joining of DNA fragments
Q. What type of mutation results in a change in a single nucleotide?
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A.
Frameshift mutation
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B.
Point mutation
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C.
Deletion mutation
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D.
Insertion mutation
Solution
A point mutation is a change in a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence.
Correct Answer: B — Point mutation
Q. Which enzyme is primarily responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands during PCR?
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A.
DNA ligase
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B.
Taq polymerase
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C.
Restriction enzyme
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D.
RNA polymerase
Solution
Taq polymerase is a heat-stable enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands during the PCR process.
Correct Answer: B — Taq polymerase
Q. Which of the following techniques is used to separate DNA fragments by size?
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A.
PCR
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B.
Gel electrophoresis
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C.
Cloning
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D.
DNA sequencing
Solution
Gel electrophoresis is used to separate DNA fragments based on their size.
Correct Answer: B — Gel electrophoresis
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