Circulatory System and Heart - Advanced Concepts
Q. What is the function of the valves in the heart?
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A.
To increase blood pressure
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B.
To prevent backflow of blood
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C.
To regulate heart rate
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D.
To supply oxygen to the blood
Solution
Heart valves prevent the backflow of blood, ensuring it flows in one direction through the heart chambers.
Correct Answer: B — To prevent backflow of blood
Q. What is the primary component of the heart's conduction system that follows the SA node?
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A.
Atrioventricular (AV) node
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B.
Bundle of His
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C.
Purkinje fibers
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D.
Coronary arteries
Solution
The atrioventricular (AV) node follows the SA node in the heart's conduction system, relaying impulses to the ventricles.
Correct Answer: A — Atrioventricular (AV) node
Q. What is the primary function of the coronary arteries?
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A.
To supply blood to the lungs
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B.
To supply blood to the heart muscle
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C.
To drain blood from the heart
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D.
To connect the heart to the aorta
Solution
The coronary arteries supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle itself, ensuring it receives the nutrients needed for contraction.
Correct Answer: B — To supply blood to the heart muscle
Q. What is the role of the sinoatrial (SA) node in the heart?
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A.
To pump blood to the lungs
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B.
To initiate the heartbeat
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C.
To regulate blood pressure
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D.
To close the heart valves
Solution
The sinoatrial (SA) node acts as the natural pacemaker of the heart, initiating electrical impulses that trigger heartbeats.
Correct Answer: B — To initiate the heartbeat
Q. What is the term for the volume of blood pumped by the heart in one minute?
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A.
Stroke volume
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B.
Cardiac output
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C.
Blood pressure
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D.
Heart rate
Solution
Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped by the heart in one minute, calculated as stroke volume times heart rate.
Correct Answer: B — Cardiac output
Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of the pulmonary circulation?
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A.
It carries oxygenated blood to the body
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B.
It involves the left side of the heart
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C.
It carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs
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D.
It is part of systemic circulation
Solution
Pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.
Correct Answer: C — It carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Q. Which structure prevents the backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle?
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A.
Tricuspid valve
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B.
Pulmonary valve
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C.
Aortic valve
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D.
Mitral valve
Solution
The aortic valve prevents the backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle after contraction.
Correct Answer: C — Aortic valve
Q. Which type of blood vessel carries oxygen-rich blood away from the heart?
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A.
Veins
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B.
Capillaries
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C.
Arteries
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D.
Venules
Solution
Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the tissues of the body.
Correct Answer: C — Arteries
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