Basics of Immune Response - Real World Applications
Q. What is herd immunity?
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A.
Immunity developed by individuals after infection
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B.
Immunity that protects a population when a large percentage is vaccinated
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C.
Immunity that occurs naturally in a population
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D.
Immunity that is passed from mother to child
Solution
Herd immunity occurs when a significant portion of a population is vaccinated, reducing the spread of disease.
Correct Answer: B — Immunity that protects a population when a large percentage is vaccinated
Q. What is the main purpose of the complement system in immunity?
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A.
To produce antibodies
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B.
To enhance inflammation and opsonization
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C.
To directly kill pathogens
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D.
To activate T cells
Solution
The complement system enhances inflammation and opsonization, aiding in the clearance of pathogens.
Correct Answer: B — To enhance inflammation and opsonization
Q. Which immune cells are primarily responsible for the destruction of virus-infected cells?
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A.
B cells
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B.
T helper cells
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C.
Cytotoxic T cells
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D.
Macrophages
Solution
Cytotoxic T cells are responsible for directly killing virus-infected cells.
Correct Answer: C — Cytotoxic T cells
Q. Which type of pathogen is most commonly associated with foodborne illnesses?
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A.
Bacteria
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B.
Viruses
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C.
Fungi
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D.
Parasites
Solution
Bacteria are the most common pathogens associated with foodborne illnesses, such as Salmonella and E. coli.
Correct Answer: A — Bacteria
Q. Which vaccine type contains live attenuated pathogens?
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A.
Inactivated vaccines
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B.
Subunit vaccines
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C.
Live attenuated vaccines
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D.
Toxoid vaccines
Solution
Live attenuated vaccines contain weakened forms of the pathogen that can still elicit an immune response.
Correct Answer: C — Live attenuated vaccines
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