Healthy plants typically contain about 70% water by weight.

The typical volume of amniotic fluid at 36 weeks is about 800 mL.

The typical weight range of a full-term newborn is 3-4 kg.

The vital capacity of an average adult human is approximately 4-5 liters.

Gram staining is a differential staining technique that classifies bacteria into Gram-positive and Gram-negative based on their cell wall structure.

A rapid antigen test is commonly used to quickly diagnose streptococcal pharyngitis by detecting Group A Streptococcus.

The diaphragm is the primary muscle responsible for inhalation; it contracts and moves downward, increasing the thoracic cavity volume.

The diaphragm is the primary muscle responsible for inhalation; it contracts and moves downward, increasing the thoracic cavity volume.

Approximately 70% of a plant's biomass is made up of water.

Approximately 90% of all animal species are invertebrates.

In a healthy adult, plasma typically makes up about 55% of total blood volume.

Inhaled air typically contains about 21% oxygen.

Accessory pigments capture additional light wavelengths, broadening the spectrum of light used for photosynthesis.

Biopesticides are derived from natural materials and help reduce reliance on synthetic chemicals, promoting sustainable agricultural practices.

C4 and CAM pathways are adaptations that help plants reduce water loss during photosynthesis.

C4 and CAM plants enhance carbon fixation efficiency to minimize water loss in arid conditions.

Cilia are hair-like structures that line the respiratory tract and help trap and move particles out of the airways, keeping the lungs clear of debris.

Environmental changes can lead to adaptive radiation, where species evolve rapidly to fill new ecological niches.

Fruits protect developing seeds and often aid in their dispersal by attracting animals that eat the fruit and excrete the seeds elsewhere.

Mutations provide the raw material for genetic variation, which is essential for the process of evolution.

Mycorrhizal fungi form symbiotic relationships with plant roots, enhancing nutrient absorption, particularly phosphorus.

Plant classifications help identify endangered species, which is crucial for conservation efforts.

Pollinators play a crucial role in the evolution of flowering plants by increasing genetic diversity through cross-pollination.

T helper cells assist in activating B cells and cytotoxic T cells, playing a central role in coordinating the immune response.

Terpenes contribute to the aroma of plants and have various therapeutic effects.

Terpenes attract pollinators and can deter herbivores, aiding in plant reproduction.

NADPH acts as an electron donor in the Calvin cycle, providing the reducing power for carbon fixation.

RuBisCO is the enzyme that catalyzes the fixation of carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle.

The liver detoxifies harmful substances and produces bile, which aids in fat digestion.

Water acts as a source of electrons in the light reactions, which are used to replace those lost by chlorophyll.