Biotechnology Applications
Q. What is a common application of CRISPR technology in plants?
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A.
Creating clones of plants
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B.
Editing specific genes for desired traits
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C.
Increasing photosynthesis efficiency
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D.
Enhancing seed germination
Solution
CRISPR technology allows for precise editing of specific genes to enhance traits such as disease resistance.
Correct Answer: B — Editing specific genes for desired traits
Q. What is a common application of plant tissue culture in biotechnology?
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A.
Pest control
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B.
Plant breeding
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C.
Propagation of disease-free plants
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D.
Soil improvement
Solution
Plant tissue culture is widely used to propagate disease-free plants, ensuring healthy stock for agriculture.
Correct Answer: C — Propagation of disease-free plants
Q. What is a major benefit of using genetically modified crops?
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A.
Increased nutritional value
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B.
Higher yield and pest resistance
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C.
Reduced need for pesticides
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D.
All of the above
Solution
Genetically modified crops can provide increased nutritional value, higher yield, pest resistance, and reduced pesticide use.
Correct Answer: D — All of the above
Q. What is the main advantage of using marker-assisted selection in plant breeding?
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A.
It reduces the need for fertilizers
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B.
It speeds up the breeding process
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C.
It eliminates the need for irrigation
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D.
It increases the size of fruits
Solution
Marker-assisted selection speeds up the breeding process by allowing breeders to select plants with desirable traits more efficiently.
Correct Answer: B — It speeds up the breeding process
Q. What is the main advantage of using transgenic plants in agriculture?
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A.
Higher market prices
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B.
Increased crop yield
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C.
More labor-intensive farming
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D.
Reduced biodiversity
Solution
Transgenic plants are engineered to have traits that can lead to increased crop yield, making them advantageous in agriculture.
Correct Answer: B — Increased crop yield
Q. What is the main goal of phytoremediation?
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A.
To enhance plant growth
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B.
To clean up contaminated environments
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C.
To increase crop yield
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D.
To improve soil fertility
Solution
Phytoremediation uses plants to clean up contaminated environments by absorbing or degrading pollutants.
Correct Answer: B — To clean up contaminated environments
Q. What is the main goal of synthetic biology?
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A.
To understand natural biological systems
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B.
To create new biological parts and systems
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C.
To clone animals
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D.
To sequence genomes
Solution
Synthetic biology aims to design and construct new biological parts and systems for various applications.
Correct Answer: B — To create new biological parts and systems
Q. What is the primary goal of developing biofortified crops?
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A.
To improve taste
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B.
To enhance resistance to pests
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C.
To increase nutritional value
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D.
To reduce water requirements
Solution
The primary goal of developing biofortified crops is to enhance their nutritional value, addressing deficiencies in diets.
Correct Answer: C — To increase nutritional value
Q. What is the primary goal of phytoremediation?
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A.
To enhance plant growth
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B.
To clean up contaminated environments
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C.
To increase crop yield
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D.
To improve soil fertility
Solution
Phytoremediation aims to clean up contaminated environments using plants that can absorb or degrade pollutants.
Correct Answer: B — To clean up contaminated environments
Q. What is the primary purpose of CRISPR technology in biotechnology?
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A.
To clone organisms
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B.
To edit genes
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C.
To produce vaccines
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D.
To sequence DNA
Solution
CRISPR technology is primarily used for gene editing, allowing precise modifications to DNA.
Correct Answer: B — To edit genes
Q. What is the primary purpose of genetic engineering in plants?
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A.
To increase aesthetic value
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B.
To enhance nutritional content
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C.
To improve growth rate
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D.
To reduce water usage
Solution
Genetic engineering is often used to enhance the nutritional content of crops, making them more beneficial for human consumption.
Correct Answer: B — To enhance nutritional content
Q. What is the purpose of bioremediation?
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A.
To produce biofuels
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B.
To clean up environmental contaminants
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C.
To enhance soil fertility
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D.
To create new pharmaceuticals
Solution
Bioremediation is the use of microorganisms to clean up contaminated environments, such as oil spills.
Correct Answer: B — To clean up environmental contaminants
Q. What is the purpose of marker-assisted selection in plant breeding?
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A.
To identify plants with desirable traits
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B.
To increase genetic diversity
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C.
To enhance photosynthetic efficiency
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D.
To reduce water requirements
Solution
Marker-assisted selection helps breeders identify plants that carry desirable traits based on genetic markers.
Correct Answer: A — To identify plants with desirable traits
Q. What is the purpose of using biopesticides in plant biotechnology?
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A.
To enhance plant growth
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B.
To control pest populations
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C.
To improve seed germination
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D.
To increase photosynthetic efficiency
Solution
Biopesticides are used to control pest populations in an environmentally friendly manner, reducing reliance on chemical pesticides.
Correct Answer: B — To control pest populations
Q. What is the purpose of using marker-assisted selection in plant breeding?
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A.
To identify and select plants with desirable traits
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B.
To enhance photosynthetic efficiency
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C.
To increase seed size
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D.
To improve soil fertility
Solution
Marker-assisted selection is used to identify and select plants with desirable traits more efficiently in breeding programs.
Correct Answer: A — To identify and select plants with desirable traits
Q. What is the role of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in plant biotechnology?
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A.
It enhances photosynthesis
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B.
It acts as a vector for gene transfer
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C.
It improves root growth
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D.
It increases resistance to pests
Solution
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is used as a vector for gene transfer in plant biotechnology, facilitating the introduction of new genes into plant cells.
Correct Answer: B — It acts as a vector for gene transfer
Q. What is the role of monoclonal antibodies in biotechnology?
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A.
To enhance photosynthesis
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B.
To target specific cells in therapy
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C.
To produce insulin
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D.
To modify genetic sequences
Solution
Monoclonal antibodies are designed to target specific cells, making them useful in therapies and diagnostics.
Correct Answer: B — To target specific cells in therapy
Q. What is the role of tissue culture in plant biotechnology?
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A.
To study plant genetics
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B.
To propagate plants under sterile conditions
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C.
To analyze soil health
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D.
To enhance photosynthesis
Solution
Tissue culture is used to propagate plants in a controlled, sterile environment, allowing for mass production.
Correct Answer: B — To propagate plants under sterile conditions
Q. What is the significance of the 'Golden Rice' project?
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A.
It is a new variety of ornamental rice
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B.
It aims to combat vitamin A deficiency
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C.
It increases rice yield significantly
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D.
It is resistant to all pests
Solution
'Golden Rice' is genetically engineered to produce beta-carotene, addressing vitamin A deficiency in populations that rely on rice as a staple food.
Correct Answer: B — It aims to combat vitamin A deficiency
Q. What role do biopesticides play in sustainable agriculture?
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A.
They increase chemical pesticide use
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B.
They promote soil erosion
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C.
They reduce reliance on synthetic chemicals
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D.
They decrease crop diversity
Solution
Biopesticides are derived from natural materials and help reduce reliance on synthetic chemicals, promoting sustainable agricultural practices.
Correct Answer: C — They reduce reliance on synthetic chemicals
Q. Which biotechnology application can help in developing drought-resistant crops?
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A.
Gene silencing
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B.
Plant hybridization
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C.
Tissue culture
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D.
Photosynthetic enhancement
Solution
Gene silencing can be used to develop drought-resistant crops by targeting specific genes that affect water retention and stress response.
Correct Answer: A — Gene silencing
Q. Which biotechnology application is used in forensic science?
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A.
Gene therapy
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B.
DNA fingerprinting
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C.
Monoclonal antibodies
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D.
Bioremediation
Solution
DNA fingerprinting is a technique used in forensic science to identify individuals based on their unique DNA profiles.
Correct Answer: B — DNA fingerprinting
Q. Which biotechnology application is used to produce insulin?
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A.
Gene cloning
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B.
Fermentation
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C.
Cell culture
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D.
Transgenic organisms
Solution
Gene cloning is used to produce insulin by inserting the insulin gene into bacteria, which then produce the hormone.
Correct Answer: A — Gene cloning
Q. Which biotechnology method is used to produce plants that can tolerate herbicides?
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A.
Gene cloning
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B.
Somatic hybridization
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C.
Transgenic technology
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D.
Micropropagation
Solution
Transgenic technology is used to produce plants that can tolerate herbicides by introducing specific genes that confer this trait.
Correct Answer: C — Transgenic technology
Q. Which biotechnology technique is commonly used to create genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?
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A.
Cloning
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B.
CRISPR-Cas9
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C.
Hybridization
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D.
Tissue culture
Solution
CRISPR-Cas9 is a precise gene-editing technology that allows for targeted modifications in the DNA of organisms, including plants.
Correct Answer: B — CRISPR-Cas9
Q. Which biotechnology technique is commonly used to produce transgenic plants?
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A.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
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B.
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation
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C.
Gel electrophoresis
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D.
Micropropagation
Solution
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is a widely used method for introducing foreign genes into plant cells.
Correct Answer: B — Agrobacterium-mediated transformation
Q. Which of the following is a benefit of using genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in agriculture?
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A.
Increased pesticide use
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B.
Higher crop yields
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C.
Reduced biodiversity
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D.
Longer growing seasons
Solution
GMOs can lead to higher crop yields by enhancing resistance to pests and diseases.
Correct Answer: B — Higher crop yields
Q. Which of the following is a benefit of using tissue culture in plant propagation?
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A.
Increased genetic diversity
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B.
Faster growth rates
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C.
Production of disease-free plants
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D.
Lower production costs
Solution
Tissue culture allows for the production of disease-free plants, which is a significant benefit in plant propagation.
Correct Answer: C — Production of disease-free plants
Q. Which of the following is a benefit of using transgenic plants?
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A.
Increased susceptibility to pests
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B.
Higher yield under stress conditions
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C.
Reduced photosynthesis
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D.
Lower resistance to diseases
Solution
Transgenic plants can be engineered to have higher yields, especially under stress conditions such as drought or salinity.
Correct Answer: B — Higher yield under stress conditions
Q. Which of the following is a common application of biotechnology in agriculture?
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A.
Creating ornamental plants
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B.
Developing drought-resistant crops
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C.
Enhancing soil fertility
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D.
Increasing plant height
Solution
Developing drought-resistant crops is a significant application of biotechnology in agriculture, helping to ensure food security in arid regions.
Correct Answer: B — Developing drought-resistant crops
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