The Industrial Revolution brought about significant changes in urbanization and infrastructure, leading to more organized disaster response mechanisms.

Outlining the essay before writing helps in organizing thoughts and managing time effectively, ensuring all sections are adequately addressed.

The National Foundation for India was established to promote philanthropy and support grassroots initiatives, thereby strengthening the NGO sector.

The Industrial Revolution led to rapid growth of urban centers as people moved from rural areas to cities in search of jobs in factories, resulting in significant urbanization.

The Space Race intensified the competition between the USA and USSR, symbolizing technological and ideological superiority, which significantly influenced international relations during the Cold War.

The conclusion is crucial as it reinforces the main arguments and provides a final perspective, leaving a lasting impression on the examiner.

Mitigation refers to long-term strategies aimed at reducing disaster risk and minimizing the impact of disasters on communities.

The problem-solution format allows for a clear presentation of issues and potential resolutions, making the argument more persuasive.

A well-defined thesis statement serves as a roadmap, guiding the structure and focus of the essay, ensuring coherence.

The 'Basic Structure' doctrine ensures that certain fundamental features of the Constitution cannot be amended.

The Scramble for Africa led to arbitrary borders and exploitation of resources, contributing to long-term poverty in many African nations post-independence.

Sub-Saharan Africa experienced the most rapid population growth in the 20th century due to high birth rates and declining mortality rates.

'The Communist Manifesto' was published in 1848, outlining the principles of Marxism and advocating for class struggle.

The Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act (FCRA) was introduced in 1976 to regulate the acceptance of foreign funds by NGOs in India.

The first genetically modified organism, a bacterium, was created in 1973 by Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen, marking a significant milestone in biotechnology.

The first successful organ transplant, a kidney transplant, was performed in 1954 by Dr. Joseph Murray, which was a landmark achievement in medical science.

The Government of India Act of 1935 provided for the establishment of provincial legislatures, which were the precursors to the current State Legislatures.

Virgil's 'Aeneid' is a Latin epic poem that serves as a national epic of ancient Rome, detailing the journey of Aeneas after the fall of Troy.

The Berlin Conference is best known for dividing Africa among European powers, formalizing the scramble for Africa and establishing rules for colonization.

Geoffrey Chaucer's 'Canterbury Tales' is a significant work of English literature that provides a vivid portrayal of 14th-century English society.

The Chipko Movement, which began in the 1970s, is primarily associated with forest conservation, where villagers embraced trees to prevent them from being cut down.

The 'Columbian Exchange' refers to the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and diseases between the Americas and Europe following Christopher Columbus's voyages in the late 15th century.

'Divine Comedy' is an epic poem written by Dante Alighieri in the early 14th century, exploring themes of the afterlife.

The Five Year Plans in India were heavily influenced by the Soviet model of economic planning, focusing on state-led development.

The Glorious Revolution was a bloodless coup that established parliamentary sovereignty and limited the powers of the monarchy in England.

The Glorious Revolution established the principle of parliamentary sovereignty, limiting the powers of the monarchy and affirming the role of Parliament.

The Great Awakening was a series of religious revivals that emphasized personal faith and challenged established religious authorities, leading to greater religious diversity.

The 'Great Leap Forward' was an economic campaign initiated by the Chinese Communist Party aimed at rapidly transforming China from an agrarian society into a socialist society through rapid industrialization.

The Great Wall of China was primarily built to protect against invasions from nomadic tribes and to secure the northern borders of the Chinese states.

The Green Revolution aimed to increase agricultural production but raised concerns about soil degradation, water scarcity, and biodiversity loss due to intensive farming practices.