The complement system enhances the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens from an organism, primarily through opsonization and lysis.

Vaccines stimulate the immune response by introducing antigens, which prepare the immune system to recognize and fight the actual pathogen.

Gram staining is a differential staining technique that classifies bacteria into Gram-positive and Gram-negative based on their cell wall structure.

Passive immunity is conferred by the transfer of maternal antibodies to the newborn, providing temporary protection against infections.

Mad Cow Disease, or Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, is caused by prions, which are misfolded proteins that induce abnormal folding of normal proteins.

Viruses require host cells to replicate, as they lack the cellular machinery necessary for reproduction.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis, a serious infectious disease that primarily affects the lungs.

Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe viral gastroenteritis in children, leading to dehydration and hospitalization.

Type I hypersensitivity reactions are immediate allergic responses mediated by IgE antibodies.