Q. A 25-year-old male presents with recurrent respiratory infections. Which immune component is most likely deficient?
A.B cells
B.T cells
C.Complement system
D.Phagocytes
Solution
Recurrent respiratory infections are often associated with B cell deficiencies, leading to inadequate antibody production.
Correct Answer: A — B cells
Q. A 30-year-old woman is diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). What type of immune response is primarily involved in this autoimmune disease?
A.Innate immune response
B.Humoral immune response
C.Cell-mediated immune response
D.Complement-mediated response
Solution
SLE is characterized by a humoral immune response, particularly the production of autoantibodies.
Correct Answer: B — Humoral immune response
Q. A child receives a measles vaccine. What type of immunity is conferred by this vaccination?
A.Passive immunity
B.Active immunity
C.Innate immunity
D.Natural immunity
Solution
The measles vaccine provides active immunity by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies.
Correct Answer: B — Active immunity
Q. A patient develops an allergic reaction after exposure to pollen. Which type of immune response is primarily involved?
A.Cell-mediated immunity
B.Humoral immunity
C.Innate immunity
D.Autoimmunity
Solution
Allergic reactions are primarily mediated by humoral immunity, specifically IgE antibodies.
Correct Answer: B — Humoral immunity
Q. A patient with HIV is at risk for opportunistic infections. Which immune cells are primarily affected by the virus?
A.B cells
B.Cytotoxic T cells
C.Helper T cells
D.Natural killer cells
Solution
HIV primarily targets and destroys CD4+ helper T cells, leading to immunodeficiency.
Correct Answer: C — Helper T cells
Q. In a case of septic shock, which immune response is primarily responsible for the symptoms observed?
A.Adaptive immune response
B.Innate immune response
C.Humoral immune response
D.Cell-mediated immune response
Solution
Septic shock is primarily driven by the innate immune response, which leads to systemic inflammation and shock.
Correct Answer: B — Innate immune response
Q. In a laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis, which test is most commonly used to assess cell-mediated immunity?
A.ELISA
B.Mantoux test
C.Blood culture
D.PCR
Solution
The Mantoux test is used to assess cell-mediated immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Correct Answer: B — Mantoux test
Q. Which cytokine is primarily responsible for activating macrophages during an immune response?
A.IL-1
B.IL-6
C.IFN-gamma
D.TNF-alpha
Solution
IFN-gamma is the key cytokine that activates macrophages, enhancing their ability to phagocytose pathogens.
Correct Answer: C — IFN-gamma
Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of a secondary immune response?
A.Slower response time
B.Higher antibody affinity
C.Lower antibody levels
D.No memory cells involved
Solution
The secondary immune response is characterized by a faster response time and higher affinity antibodies due to memory cells.
Correct Answer: B — Higher antibody affinity
Q. Which vaccine type is most effective in inducing a strong cell-mediated immune response?
A.Inactivated vaccines
B.Live attenuated vaccines
C.Subunit vaccines
D.Toxoid vaccines
Solution
Live attenuated vaccines are effective in inducing strong cell-mediated immune responses due to their ability to replicate and mimic natural infection.
