Mendelian Genetics and Heredity - Case Studies
Q. What is the expected genotype ratio from a cross between two heterozygous individuals (Aa x Aa)?
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A.
1:1
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B.
3:1
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C.
1:2:1
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D.
9:3:3:1
Solution
The expected genotype ratio from a cross between two heterozygous individuals (Aa x Aa) is 1:2:1, representing the possible combinations of alleles.
Correct Answer: C — 1:2:1
Q. What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?
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A.
To carry genetic information
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B.
To synthesize RNA
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C.
To bring amino acids to the ribosome
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D.
To form the ribosome structure
Solution
Transfer RNA (tRNA) functions to bring specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation, matching them to the corresponding codons on the mRNA.
Correct Answer: C — To bring amino acids to the ribosome
Q. What type of inheritance pattern is shown by a trait that skips generations?
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A.
Autosomal dominant
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B.
Autosomal recessive
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C.
X-linked dominant
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D.
X-linked recessive
Solution
Autosomal recessive traits can skip generations because an individual must inherit two copies of the recessive allele to express the trait.
Correct Answer: B — Autosomal recessive
Q. Which molecular technique is used to amplify DNA?
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A.
Gel electrophoresis
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B.
PCR
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C.
Cloning
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D.
Sequencing
Solution
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is the technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences, making millions of copies of a target DNA segment.
Correct Answer: B — PCR
Q. Which of the following mutations involves a change in a single nucleotide?
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A.
Frameshift mutation
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B.
Point mutation
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C.
Deletion mutation
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D.
Duplication mutation
Solution
A point mutation involves a change in a single nucleotide, which can lead to a different amino acid being incorporated into a protein.
Correct Answer: B — Point mutation
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