Central Dogma: Transcription & Translation - Competitive Exam Level
Q. What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?
A.To transcribe DNA into RNA
B.To translate mRNA into polypeptides
C.To replicate DNA
D.To splice introns from mRNA
Solution
Ribosomes are the cellular machinery that translates mRNA into polypeptides, facilitating protein synthesis.
Correct Answer: B — To translate mRNA into polypeptides
Q. What is the role of tRNA in translation?
A.To carry amino acids to the ribosome
B.To synthesize mRNA
C.To replicate DNA
D.To form ribosomal subunits
Solution
tRNA (transfer RNA) carries specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation, matching them to the codons on the mRNA.
Correct Answer: A — To carry amino acids to the ribosome
Q. Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA during transcription?
A.DNA polymerase
B.RNA polymerase
C.Ribosome
D.Ligase
Solution
RNA polymerase is the enzyme that synthesizes RNA by transcribing the DNA template during transcription.
Correct Answer: B — RNA polymerase
Q. Which of the following best describes a frameshift mutation?
A.A mutation that changes one amino acid
B.A mutation that adds or removes nucleotides, altering the reading frame
C.A mutation that duplicates a segment of DNA
D.A mutation that occurs in non-coding regions
Solution
A frameshift mutation occurs when nucleotides are added or removed from the DNA sequence, shifting the reading frame and altering the resulting protein.
Correct Answer: B — A mutation that adds or removes nucleotides, altering the reading frame
Q. Which of the following mutations is a change in a single nucleotide?
A.Frameshift mutation
B.Point mutation
C.Deletion mutation
D.Duplication mutation
Solution
A point mutation is a change in a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence.
