Central Dogma: Transcription & Translation - Applications
Q. What is the significance of the 5' cap and poly-A tail in eukaryotic mRNA?
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A.
They are involved in DNA replication
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B.
They protect mRNA from degradation and assist in translation
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C.
They are sites for transcription initiation
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D.
They help in splicing introns
Solution
The 5' cap and poly-A tail protect mRNA from degradation and facilitate its recognition and translation by ribosomes.
Correct Answer: B — They protect mRNA from degradation and assist in translation
Q. Which of the following mutations is likely to have the most significant effect on a protein?
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A.
Silent mutation
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B.
Missense mutation
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C.
Nonsense mutation
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D.
In-frame mutation
Solution
A nonsense mutation introduces a premature stop codon, leading to a truncated and often nonfunctional protein, which can have significant effects.
Correct Answer: C — Nonsense mutation
Q. Which process involves the conversion of mRNA into a protein?
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A.
Replication
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B.
Transcription
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C.
Translation
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D.
Translocation
Solution
Translation is the process by which the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids, forming a protein.
Correct Answer: C — Translation
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