Central Dogma: Transcription & Translation - Numerical Applications
Q. During transcription, which enzyme synthesizes RNA from a DNA template?
A.DNA polymerase
B.RNA polymerase
C.Ribosome
D.Ligase
Solution
RNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template during the process of transcription.
Correct Answer: B — RNA polymerase
Q. What is a frameshift mutation?
A.A mutation that changes one amino acid
B.A mutation that adds or removes nucleotides, altering the reading frame
C.A mutation that occurs in non-coding regions
D.A mutation that duplicates a segment of DNA
Solution
A frameshift mutation occurs when nucleotides are added or deleted from the DNA sequence, shifting the reading frame and potentially altering all downstream amino acids.
Correct Answer: B — A mutation that adds or removes nucleotides, altering the reading frame
Q. What is the significance of the start codon in mRNA?
A.It signals the end of translation
B.It initiates the process of translation
C.It is the site of transcription
D.It codes for a stop signal
Solution
The start codon (AUG) signals the beginning of translation, indicating where the ribosome should start synthesizing the protein.
Correct Answer: B — It initiates the process of translation
