Q. In plants, what is the role of the flower in reproduction?
A.Photosynthesis
B.Water absorption
C.Pollination and fertilization
D.Nutrient storage
Solution
The flower is the reproductive structure in flowering plants, facilitating pollination and fertilization to produce seeds.
Correct Answer: C — Pollination and fertilization
Q. What is a phenotype ratio of a dihybrid cross?
A.1:1
B.3:1
C.9:3:3:1
D.1:2:1
Solution
A dihybrid cross typically results in a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio, representing the combinations of two traits.
Correct Answer: C — 9:3:3:1
Q. What is the primary function of the process of meiosis in plants?
A.To produce identical daughter cells
B.To generate genetic variation
C.To facilitate photosynthesis
D.To increase plant size
Solution
Meiosis is crucial for sexual reproduction as it reduces the chromosome number by half and introduces genetic variation through recombination.
Correct Answer: B — To generate genetic variation
Q. What is the significance of the Law of Segregation in plant genetics?
A.It explains how traits are inherited independently
B.It states that alleles segregate during gamete formation
C.It describes the dominance of certain traits
D.It outlines the process of photosynthesis
Solution
The Law of Segregation states that during gamete formation, the two alleles for a trait segregate from each other, ensuring that offspring receive one allele from each parent.
Correct Answer: B — It states that alleles segregate during gamete formation
Q. What is the term for the observable characteristics of an organism resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment?
A.Genotype
B.Phenotype
C.Heredity
D.Mutation
Solution
The phenotype is the set of observable characteristics of an organism, influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.
Correct Answer: B — Phenotype
Q. What term describes the genetic makeup of an organism?
A.Phenotype
B.Genotype
C.Allele
D.Chromosome
Solution
The genotype refers to the specific genetic constitution of an organism, while the phenotype is the observable expression of that genotype.
Correct Answer: B — Genotype
Q. Which of the following best describes a recessive allele?
A.It is always expressed in the phenotype
B.It can only be expressed in a homozygous condition
C.It is more common than dominant alleles
D.It masks the effect of dominant alleles
Solution
A recessive allele is only expressed in the phenotype when an individual has two copies of that allele (homozygous condition).
Correct Answer: B — It can only be expressed in a homozygous condition
Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of a dominant allele?
A.It is always expressed in the phenotype
B.It can be masked by a recessive allele
C.It is only expressed in homozygous conditions
D.It is less common in a population
Solution
A dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype even when only one copy is present, masking the effect of a recessive allele.
Correct Answer: A — It is always expressed in the phenotype
Q. Which of the following processes increases genetic variation in plant populations?
A.Asexual reproduction
B.Cloning
C.Cross-pollination
D.Vegetative propagation
Solution
Cross-pollination introduces genetic variation by combining genetic material from different parent plants.
