Biotechnology Applications: PCR, Cloning, Recombinant DNA - Applications
Q. In cloning, what is the role of a vector?
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A.
To provide a template for DNA synthesis
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B.
To carry foreign DNA into a host cell
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C.
To amplify RNA
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D.
To degrade unwanted DNA
Solution
A vector is a DNA molecule used to deliver foreign genetic material into a host cell for cloning purposes.
Correct Answer: B — To carry foreign DNA into a host cell
Q. In Mendelian genetics, what does the term 'homozygous' refer to?
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A.
Having two different alleles for a trait
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B.
Having two identical alleles for a trait
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C.
The physical expression of a trait
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D.
The genetic makeup of an organism
Solution
Homozygous refers to having two identical alleles for a particular trait, either dominant or recessive.
Correct Answer: B — Having two identical alleles for a trait
Q. What is recombinant DNA technology primarily used for?
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A.
To create genetically identical organisms
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B.
To produce proteins, such as insulin
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C.
To sequence entire genomes
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D.
To analyze gene expression
Solution
Recombinant DNA technology is used to combine DNA from different sources, often to produce proteins like insulin.
Correct Answer: B — To produce proteins, such as insulin
Q. What is the purpose of using restriction enzymes in recombinant DNA technology?
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A.
To amplify DNA
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B.
To cut DNA at specific sequences
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C.
To synthesize RNA
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D.
To clone entire genomes
Solution
Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific sequences, allowing for the insertion of foreign DNA into vectors.
Correct Answer: B — To cut DNA at specific sequences
Q. What is the significance of the 'denaturation' step in PCR?
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A.
To cool the reaction mixture
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B.
To separate the DNA strands
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C.
To synthesize new DNA strands
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D.
To add primers
Solution
Denaturation involves heating the reaction mixture to separate the double-stranded DNA into single strands.
Correct Answer: B — To separate the DNA strands
Q. Which molecular technique is used to separate DNA fragments by size?
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A.
Gel electrophoresis
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B.
PCR
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C.
Cloning
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D.
DNA sequencing
Solution
Gel electrophoresis is used to separate DNA fragments based on their size, allowing for analysis and comparison.
Correct Answer: A — Gel electrophoresis
Q. Which of the following is a common application of PCR?
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A.
Gene therapy
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B.
Forensic analysis
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C.
Protein purification
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D.
Cell culture
Solution
PCR is widely used in forensic analysis to amplify DNA from crime scene samples for identification.
Correct Answer: B — Forensic analysis
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