Mendelian Genetics and Heredity
Q. In a test cross, what is the purpose of crossing an individual with a homozygous recessive?
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A.
To determine the dominant allele
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B.
To identify the genotype of the individual
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C.
To produce offspring
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D.
To analyze gene expression
Solution
A test cross with a homozygous recessive individual helps determine the genotype of the individual in question.
Correct Answer: B — To identify the genotype of the individual
Q. What is the basic unit of heredity in Mendelian genetics?
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A.
Chromosome
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B.
Gene
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C.
DNA
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D.
RNA
Solution
A gene is the basic unit of heredity, responsible for the transmission of traits from parents to offspring.
Correct Answer: B — Gene
Q. What is the expected genotypic ratio from a dihybrid cross?
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A.
1:2:1
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B.
3:1
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C.
9:3:3:1
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D.
1:1:1:1
Solution
The expected genotypic ratio from a dihybrid cross is 9:3:3:1, representing the combinations of two traits.
Correct Answer: C — 9:3:3:1
Q. What is the purpose of a Punnett square?
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A.
To determine the DNA sequence
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B.
To predict the genotype ratios of offspring
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C.
To analyze protein structure
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D.
To measure gene expression
Solution
A Punnett square is used to predict the genotype ratios of offspring from a genetic cross.
Correct Answer: B — To predict the genotype ratios of offspring
Q. What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA) in gene expression?
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A.
To replicate DNA
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B.
To carry genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
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C.
To form the structure of ribosomes
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D.
To transport amino acids
Solution
mRNA carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized.
Correct Answer: B — To carry genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
Q. What is the term for different forms of a gene?
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A.
Chromosomes
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B.
Alleles
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C.
Genotypes
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D.
Phenotypes
Solution
Alleles are different forms of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome.
Correct Answer: B — Alleles
Q. What term describes an organism's genetic makeup?
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A.
Phenotype
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B.
Genotype
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C.
Allele
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D.
Locus
Solution
Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, while phenotype refers to the observable traits.
Correct Answer: B — Genotype
Q. Which of the following is an example of a mutation?
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A.
Color blindness
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B.
Height variation
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C.
Blood type
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D.
All of the above
Solution
All of the options represent traits that can arise from mutations in genes.
Correct Answer: D — All of the above
Q. Which of the following represents a homozygous genotype?
Solution
A homozygous genotype consists of two identical alleles, such as AA or aa.
Correct Answer: B — AA
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