Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Q. In plants, what is the function of the gene promoter?
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A.
To code for proteins
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B.
To initiate transcription
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C.
To replicate DNA
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D.
To repair DNA
Solution
The gene promoter is a region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene.
Correct Answer: B — To initiate transcription
Q. What is the primary function of DNA in plant cells?
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A.
Energy production
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B.
Protein synthesis
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C.
Genetic information storage
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D.
Photosynthesis
Solution
DNA stores genetic information that is essential for the growth, development, and reproduction of plants.
Correct Answer: C — Genetic information storage
Q. What is the role of histones in plant cells?
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A.
Energy production
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B.
DNA packaging
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C.
Photosynthesis
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D.
Cell division
Solution
Histones are proteins that help package DNA into a compact, organized structure called chromatin.
Correct Answer: B — DNA packaging
Q. What is the role of RNA in protein synthesis in plants?
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A.
Energy carrier
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B.
Genetic material
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C.
Messenger and translator
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D.
Structural component
Solution
RNA acts as a messenger (mRNA) and translator (tRNA) in the process of protein synthesis.
Correct Answer: C — Messenger and translator
Q. What is the significance of crossing over during meiosis in plants?
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A.
It increases genetic diversity
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B.
It ensures identical offspring
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C.
It repairs DNA
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D.
It produces energy
Solution
Crossing over during meiosis increases genetic diversity by exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes.
Correct Answer: A — It increases genetic diversity
Q. What is the significance of genetic recombination in plants?
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A.
It increases genetic diversity
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B.
It decreases mutation rates
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C.
It stabilizes the genome
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D.
It enhances photosynthesis
Solution
Genetic recombination increases genetic diversity, which is important for adaptation and evolution in plants.
Correct Answer: A — It increases genetic diversity
Q. What is the significance of the Hardy-Weinberg principle in plant genetics?
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A.
It predicts allele frequencies in a population
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B.
It describes protein synthesis
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C.
It explains photosynthesis
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D.
It outlines plant taxonomy
Solution
The Hardy-Weinberg principle predicts allele frequencies in a population under ideal conditions, helping to understand genetic variation.
Correct Answer: A — It predicts allele frequencies in a population
Q. What is the term for the observable characteristics of a plant that are influenced by its genetic makeup?
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A.
Genotype
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B.
Phenotype
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C.
Allele
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D.
Chromosome
Solution
Phenotype refers to the observable characteristics of an organism, which are influenced by its genotype and environment.
Correct Answer: B — Phenotype
Q. What is the term for the observable characteristics of a plant that result from the interaction of its genotype and environment?
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A.
Phenotype
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B.
Genotype
-
C.
Allele
-
D.
Chromosome
Solution
Phenotype refers to the observable traits of an organism, influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.
Correct Answer: A — Phenotype
Q. What is the term for the observable characteristics of a plant that result from the interaction of its genotype with the environment?
-
A.
Phenotype
-
B.
Genotype
-
C.
Allele
-
D.
Chromosome
Solution
Phenotype refers to the observable traits of an organism, influenced by both genetics and environmental factors.
Correct Answer: A — Phenotype
Q. Which of the following is a type of genetic variation that can occur in plants?
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A.
Mutation
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B.
Transcription
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C.
Translation
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D.
Replication
Solution
Mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to genetic variation in plants.
Correct Answer: A — Mutation
Q. Which process describes the copying of DNA to produce two identical DNA molecules?
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A.
Transcription
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B.
Translation
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C.
Replication
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D.
Recombination
Solution
Replication is the process by which DNA is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules.
Correct Answer: C — Replication
Q. Which process describes the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis?
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A.
Transcription
-
B.
Crossing over
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C.
Replication
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D.
Translation
Solution
Crossing over is the process where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material, increasing genetic diversity.
Correct Answer: B — Crossing over
Q. Which process involves the transfer of genetic material from one generation of plants to the next?
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A.
Transcription
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B.
Translation
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C.
Replication
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D.
Inheritance
Solution
Inheritance is the process by which genetic material is passed from parents to offspring.
Correct Answer: D — Inheritance
Q. Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation?
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A.
mRNA
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B.
tRNA
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C.
rRNA
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D.
snRNA
Solution
tRNA (transfer RNA) carries amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
Correct Answer: B — tRNA
Q. Which type of RNA is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?
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A.
mRNA
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B.
tRNA
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C.
rRNA
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D.
snRNA
Solution
Transfer RNA (tRNA) is responsible for bringing the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.
Correct Answer: B — tRNA
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