Cacti and succulents are examples of convergent evolution, as they have developed similar adaptations to arid environments independently.

Cutting a stem is a form of vegetative propagation, where a part of the plant is used to grow a new individual without the use of seeds.

Feathers are not a characteristic of amphibians; they are found in birds, which are a different class of animals.

Angiosperms have seeds enclosed in fruits, while naked seeds are characteristic of gymnosperms.

Arthropods do not have a vertebral column; they possess an exoskeleton and jointed appendages.

An exoskeleton is not a characteristic of chordates; they typically have an internal skeleton.

Dicotyledons typically have floral parts in multiples of four or five, not three.

Gymnosperms do not produce flowers; they have naked seeds typically found in cones.

Innate immunity is characterized by a rapid response and lack of specificity for pathogens, unlike adaptive immunity which is specific and has memory.

Mammals are characterized by live births and mammary glands; while some lay eggs, it is not a defining characteristic of all mammals.

Incomplete dominance is not a characteristic of Mendelian inheritance; it describes a situation where the phenotype is intermediate between the two parental traits.

Monocots have vascular bundles scattered throughout the stem, not in a ring.

Feathers are not a characteristic of reptiles; they are found in birds, which are a separate class of animals.

Sclerenchyma cells are typically dead at maturity, providing structural support with their thick, lignified walls.

The adaptive immune response is characterized by specificity, memory, and clonal expansion, but it is not immediate; it takes time to develop.

Animals do not have cell walls, which distinguishes them from plants and fungi.

Plantae are primarily autotrophic, meaning they produce their own food through photosynthesis.

While leaf structure, flower color, and root depth are used in classification, plant height is not a primary characteristic.

Plant taxonomy is the classification of plants and is not a direct application of plant biotechnology.

An amino group is not a component of a nucleotide; nucleotides consist of a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base, and a sugar.

Antibodies are part of the adaptive immune system, while macrophages, natural killer cells, and complement proteins are components of the innate immune system.

RNA contains ribose sugar, not deoxyribose, which is found in DNA.

Increased crop resilience is generally seen as a benefit, not a concern, of GMOs.

Fungi is not a division of the plant kingdom; it belongs to a separate kingdom.

Plant aesthetics is not a driving factor of evolution; rather, it is influenced by evolutionary processes.

While plant tissues are involved in various functions, respiration is primarily a cellular process, not a tissue function.

Regulation of body temperature is not a function of the digestive system.

Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tubes, not in the placenta, which is responsible for nutrient transfer, gas exchange, and hormone production.

The stomach primarily digests proteins and stores food, but it does not absorb nutrients.

Iron is a micronutrient, while nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are macronutrients.