Fungi are not classified within the plant kingdom; they belong to a separate kingdom.

Seed formation is a method of sexual reproduction, while cuttings, grafting, and layering are asexual methods.

Natural conception is not considered a method of assisted reproductive technology, while the others are.

Autoclaving is a method of sterilization, not disinfection, as it kills all microorganisms including spores.

Traditional breeding is not considered a method of plant biotechnology, as it does not involve modern genetic manipulation techniques.

Selective breeding is a traditional method and not a direct genetic modification technique like gene editing or transgenic technology.

Photosynthesis is a natural process for energy conversion in plants and is not a method of genetic transformation.

Photosynthesis is not a method of seed dispersal; it is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy.

Boiling water is not a reliable method of sterilization as it does not kill all spores and certain resistant pathogens.

Cross-pollination is a method of sexual reproduction, not vegetative propagation, which involves the asexual reproduction of plants.

The pancreas is an accessory organ and is not part of the digestive tract itself.

Maturation is not a recognized phase of plant growth; the main phases are germination, juvenile, and reproductive.

Glucose is not produced during the light reactions; it is synthesized in the Calvin cycle.

Glucose is not produced in the light-dependent reactions; it is produced in the Calvin cycle.

The Krebs cycle is part of cellular respiration, not photosynthesis.

Cork cambium is a type of lateral meristem, but it is not classified as a meristematic tissue in the same sense as apical, lateral, and intercalary meristems.

Epithelial tissue is not a type of plant tissue; it is found in animals.

Monocots are the largest group of flowering plants.

Ethylene oxide gas is effective for sterilizing heat-sensitive instruments as it can penetrate materials without causing damage.

Chemical disinfection is a method used to reduce microbial load but does not guarantee the elimination of all microorganisms, thus it is not considered sterilization.

Chemical disinfection is used to reduce microbial load but does not guarantee the elimination of all microorganisms, thus it is not a sterilization method.

Lactobacillus is a genus of bacteria that ferments lactose to produce lactic acid, which is essential in yogurt production.

Yeast, particularly Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ferments sugars to produce carbon dioxide, causing the bread to rise.

Acetobacter is a genus of bacteria that converts ethanol into acetic acid, the main component of vinegar.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis, a serious infectious disease that primarily affects the lungs.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis, a serious infectious disease that primarily affects the lungs.

A silent mutation does not change the amino acid sequence due to the redundancy of the genetic code.

A point mutation involves a change in a single nucleotide, which can lead to a different amino acid being incorporated into a protein.

A point mutation is a change in a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence.

Frameshift mutations can alter the reading frame of the genetic code, potentially leading to a completely nonfunctional protein.