Collenchyma cells provide flexible support to young stems and leaves, allowing for growth and movement.

Cytokines are signaling molecules that regulate and coordinate the immune response by influencing the activity of immune cells.

Cytokinins are hormones that stimulate cell division and promote shoot development.

Cytokinins stimulate cell division, promote root growth, and inhibit leaf senescence.

Dendritic cells are professional antigen-presenting cells that capture and present antigens to T cells, initiating the adaptive immune response.

Dendritic cells are professional antigen-presenting cells that capture, process, and present antigens to T cells, initiating the adaptive immune response.

Essential oils from plants often possess antimicrobial properties, making them useful in health and wellness.

Essential oils help plants defend against pests and can have therapeutic effects in humans.

Essential oils help protect plants from pests and diseases, and can have therapeutic effects when used in aromatherapy.

Essential oils serve as a defense mechanism against herbivores and pathogens.

Fiber aids in digestion by promoting regular bowel movements and preventing constipation.

Helper T cells play a crucial role in stimulating B cells to produce antibodies and activating cytotoxic T cells.

Histones are proteins that help package DNA into a compact, organized structure called chromatin.

mRNA carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Monoclonal antibodies are designed to target specific cells, making them useful in therapies and diagnostics.

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Mutations provide the raw material for evolution by introducing new genetic variations into a population.

Mycorrhizae enhance nutrient absorption for plants, particularly phosphorus.

Mycorrhizae enhance nutrient absorption, particularly phosphorus, from the soil.

Mycorrhizal fungi enhance nutrient absorption, particularly phosphorus, for plants.

NADPH serves as an electron carrier in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.

Phloem is responsible for the transport of sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves.

Phytochemicals are compounds in plants that can help prevent diseases.

Phytosterols can help lower cholesterol levels in humans by blocking the absorption of cholesterol in the intestines.

Phytosterols are known to lower cholesterol levels in the body.

Pollinators transfer pollen from the male anthers to the female stigma, facilitating fertilization.

Pollinators facilitate cross-pollination, which enhances genetic diversity and can lead to evolutionary adaptations in flowering plants.

Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific sequences, which is essential for cloning and recombinant DNA technology.

Rhizobium bacteria form nodules on legume roots and fix atmospheric nitrogen, benefiting the plant.