Capillaries are the sites of exchange where nutrients and waste products are exchanged between blood and tissues.

Chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis, allowing plants to convert light energy into chemical energy.

Collenchyma cells provide flexible support to young stems and leaves, allowing for growth and movement.

Collenchyma cells provide flexible support to young stems and leaves, allowing for growth and movement.

Flavonoids serve as antioxidants in plants and can help reduce oxidative stress in humans.

Flavonoids protect plants from UV radiation and also have health benefits for humans.

Mycorrhizal fungi enhance nutrient absorption for plants.

Mycorrhizal fungi enhance nutrient absorption, which has been vital for plant evolution and adaptation to various soils.

Phagocytes, such as macrophages and neutrophils, primarily function to engulf and destroy pathogens through phagocytosis.

Phloem is primarily responsible for the transport of sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves.

Stomata are small openings on the leaf surface that facilitate gas exchange, allowing CO2 in and O2 out.

T helper cells play a crucial role in the immune response by activating B cells to produce antibodies and cytotoxic T cells to kill infected cells.

The primary role of the circulatory system is to transport nutrients, gases, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.

The primary role of the nervous system is to coordinate and respond to stimuli from the environment.

The primary role of the nervous system is to coordinate body activities by transmitting signals between different parts of the body.

The placenta facilitates nutrient absorption, gas exchange, and waste elimination between the mother and developing fetus.

The stomach plays a key role in both mechanical and chemical digestion of food.

Villi are small, finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase the surface area for the absorption of nutrients.

The primary site of gas exchange in the respiratory system is the alveoli.

The stomach is the primary site for protein digestion, where pepsin breaks down proteins into peptides.

The primary structure of DNA is composed of a double helix formed by nucleotides, which consist of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.

The hepatitis B vaccine is designed to protect against the hepatitis B virus, which can cause serious liver disease.

The Anopheles mosquito is the primary vector responsible for transmitting the malaria parasite to humans.

The probability of obtaining a heterozygous offspring (Aa) from a cross of Aa x Aa is 1/2.

The probability of obtaining a homozygous recessive offspring (aa) from a cross of Aa x Aa is 0.25 or 25%.

Natural selection is the process by which organisms change over time through adaptations that enhance survival and reproduction.

The process of converting mRNA into a protein is called translation.

A Punnett square is used to predict the genotype ratios of offspring from a genetic cross.

Bioremediation is the use of microorganisms to clean up contaminated environments, such as oil spills.

Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments based on size, allowing for analysis and visualization.