Biology (School & UG)
Q. In flowering plants, how many pollen grains are typically produced by one anther?
Solution
One anther usually produces 4 pollen grains per microspore mother cell, leading to 8 pollen grains in total.
Correct Answer: B — 8
Q. In mammals, what is the primary purpose of the placenta?
-
A.
Nutrient absorption
-
B.
Gas exchange
-
C.
Waste removal
-
D.
All of the above
Solution
The placenta facilitates nutrient absorption, gas exchange, and waste removal between the mother and the developing fetus.
Correct Answer: D — All of the above
Q. In Mendelian genetics, what does a homozygous genotype mean?
-
A.
Two different alleles for a trait
-
B.
Two identical alleles for a trait
-
C.
One dominant and one recessive allele
-
D.
A trait that is not expressed
Solution
A homozygous genotype consists of two identical alleles for a specific trait, either dominant or recessive.
Correct Answer: B — Two identical alleles for a trait
Q. In Mendelian genetics, what does the term 'allele' refer to?
-
A.
A variant form of a gene
-
B.
A type of chromosome
-
C.
A phenotype
-
D.
A genetic disorder
Solution
An allele is a variant form of a gene that can result in different traits.
Correct Answer: A — A variant form of a gene
Q. In Mendelian genetics, what does the term 'homozygous' refer to?
-
A.
Having two different alleles for a trait
-
B.
Having two identical alleles for a trait
-
C.
The physical expression of a trait
-
D.
The genetic makeup of an organism
Solution
Homozygous refers to having two identical alleles for a particular trait, either dominant or recessive.
Correct Answer: B — Having two identical alleles for a trait
Q. In Mendelian genetics, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross?
-
A.
1:1
-
B.
3:1
-
C.
9:3:3:1
-
D.
1:2:1
Solution
The expected phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross is 3:1, where three offspring display the dominant trait and one displays the recessive trait.
Correct Answer: B — 3:1
Q. In plant taxonomy, what is the highest rank in the classification hierarchy?
-
A.
Family
-
B.
Genus
-
C.
Species
-
D.
Kingdom
Solution
The highest rank in the classification hierarchy is the Kingdom, which includes all plant life.
Correct Answer: D — Kingdom
Q. In plants, what is the function of the gene promoter?
-
A.
To code for proteins
-
B.
To initiate transcription
-
C.
To replicate DNA
-
D.
To repair DNA
Solution
The gene promoter is a region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene.
Correct Answer: B — To initiate transcription
Q. In plants, what is the role of the flower in reproduction?
-
A.
Photosynthesis
-
B.
Water absorption
-
C.
Pollination and fertilization
-
D.
Nutrient storage
Solution
The flower is the reproductive structure in flowering plants, facilitating pollination and fertilization to produce seeds.
Correct Answer: C — Pollination and fertilization
Q. In recombinant DNA technology, what is the role of a vector?
-
A.
To cut DNA
-
B.
To amplify RNA
-
C.
To transport DNA into a host cell
-
D.
To visualize proteins
Solution
Vectors are DNA molecules used to deliver foreign genetic material into a host cell for replication.
Correct Answer: C — To transport DNA into a host cell
Q. In recombinant DNA technology, what is the role of restriction enzymes?
-
A.
To amplify DNA
-
B.
To cut DNA at specific sequences
-
C.
To ligate DNA fragments
-
D.
To transcribe RNA
Solution
Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific sequences, allowing for the insertion of DNA fragments into vectors.
Correct Answer: B — To cut DNA at specific sequences
Q. In the absence of light, which process will cease in plants?
-
A.
Photosynthesis
-
B.
Respiration
-
C.
Transpiration
-
D.
Glycolysis
Solution
Photosynthesis will cease in the absence of light, as it relies on light energy.
Correct Answer: A — Photosynthesis
Q. In the context of gene expression, what is the function of a promoter?
-
A.
To enhance mRNA stability
-
B.
To initiate transcription
-
C.
To terminate transcription
-
D.
To splice introns
Solution
A promoter is a DNA sequence that initiates transcription by providing a binding site for RNA polymerase.
Correct Answer: B — To initiate transcription
Q. In the context of gene expression, what is the role of mRNA?
-
A.
To store genetic information
-
B.
To transport amino acids
-
C.
To carry the genetic code from DNA to ribosomes
-
D.
To catalyze biochemical reactions
Solution
mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic code from DNA to ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized.
Correct Answer: C — To carry the genetic code from DNA to ribosomes
Q. In the context of the central dogma, what does 'translation' refer to?
-
A.
The process of copying DNA into RNA
-
B.
The synthesis of proteins from mRNA
-
C.
The replication of DNA
-
D.
The modification of RNA
Solution
Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins based on the sequence of mRNA.
Correct Answer: B — The synthesis of proteins from mRNA
Q. In the light reactions of photosynthesis, which molecule is produced as a byproduct?
-
A.
Glucose
-
B.
Oxygen
-
C.
NADPH
-
D.
ATP
Solution
Oxygen is produced as a byproduct during the light reactions of photosynthesis.
Correct Answer: B — Oxygen
Q. In which group of animals does external fertilization primarily occur?
-
A.
Mammals
-
B.
Birds
-
C.
Amphibians
-
D.
Reptiles
Solution
Amphibians typically undergo external fertilization, where eggs are fertilized outside the female's body.
Correct Answer: C — Amphibians
Q. In which part of the cell does transcription occur?
-
A.
Nucleus
-
B.
Cytoplasm
-
C.
Ribosome
-
D.
Mitochondria
Solution
Transcription occurs in the nucleus where DNA is transcribed into mRNA.
Correct Answer: A — Nucleus
Q. In which part of the chloroplast do the light reactions occur?
-
A.
Stroma
-
B.
Thylakoid membranes
-
C.
Outer membrane
-
D.
Inner membrane
Solution
The light reactions of photosynthesis occur in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast.
Correct Answer: B — Thylakoid membranes
Q. In which part of the chloroplast do the light reactions of photosynthesis occur?
-
A.
Stroma
-
B.
Thylakoid membranes
-
C.
Cytoplasm
-
D.
Outer membrane
Solution
The light reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast.
Correct Answer: B — Thylakoid membranes
Q. In which part of the chloroplast do the light-dependent reactions occur?
-
A.
Stroma
-
B.
Thylakoid membranes
-
C.
Outer membrane
-
D.
Inner membrane
Solution
The light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast.
Correct Answer: B — Thylakoid membranes
Q. In which part of the chloroplast do the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur?
-
A.
Stroma
-
B.
Thylakoid membranes
-
C.
Outer membrane
-
D.
Inner membrane
Solution
The light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast.
Correct Answer: B — Thylakoid membranes
Q. In which part of the chloroplast does the Calvin cycle occur?
-
A.
Thylakoid membranes
-
B.
Outer membrane
-
C.
Stroma
-
D.
Inner membrane
Solution
The Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast.
Correct Answer: C — Stroma
Q. In which part of the flower does fertilization typically occur?
-
A.
Ovary
-
B.
Stigma
-
C.
Anther
-
D.
Style
Solution
Fertilization typically occurs in the ovary, where the ovule is located.
Correct Answer: A — Ovary
Q. In which part of the human body does gas exchange primarily occur?
-
A.
Bronchi
-
B.
Alveoli
-
C.
Trachea
-
D.
Lungs
Solution
Gas exchange primarily occurs in the alveoli, which are tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.
Correct Answer: B — Alveoli
Q. In which part of the plant does cellular respiration primarily occur?
-
A.
Roots
-
B.
Leaves
-
C.
Stems
-
D.
All parts
Solution
Cellular respiration occurs in all parts of the plant, as all cells require energy to function.
Correct Answer: D — All parts
Q. In which part of the plant does photosynthesis primarily occur?
-
A.
Roots
-
B.
Stems
-
C.
Leaves
-
D.
Flowers
Solution
Photosynthesis primarily occurs in the leaves, where chloroplasts are abundant.
Correct Answer: C — Leaves
Q. In which part of the plant does primary growth occur?
-
A.
Root tips and shoot tips
-
B.
Leaves
-
C.
Flowers
-
D.
Stems
Solution
Primary growth occurs at the root tips and shoot tips, where apical meristems are located.
Correct Answer: A — Root tips and shoot tips
Q. In which part of the plant does the majority of water absorption occur?
-
A.
Stems
-
B.
Leaves
-
C.
Roots
-
D.
Flowers
Solution
Roots are primarily responsible for the absorption of water and nutrients from the soil.
Correct Answer: C — Roots
Q. In which phase of photosynthesis is ATP synthesized?
-
A.
Light-dependent reactions
-
B.
Calvin cycle
-
C.
Both A and B
-
D.
None of the above
Solution
ATP is synthesized during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
Correct Answer: A — Light-dependent reactions
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