Red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and return carbon dioxide to the lungs.
Correct Answer: B — To transport oxygen
Q. What is the function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
A.Carries genetic information
B.Forms the core of ribosome structure
C.Transports amino acids
D.Catalyzes peptide bond formation
Solution
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) forms the structural and functional core of ribosomes, which are essential for protein synthesis.
Correct Answer: B — Forms the core of ribosome structure
Q. What is the function of ribosomes in plant cells?
A.Energy production
B.Photosynthesis
C.Protein synthesis
D.Cell division
Solution
Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, translating mRNA into polypeptide chains.
Correct Answer: C — Protein synthesis
Q. What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?
A.To transcribe DNA
B.To translate mRNA into proteins
C.To replicate DNA
D.To splice RNA
Solution
Ribosomes are the cellular machinery that translate mRNA into proteins by facilitating the assembly of amino acids.
Correct Answer: B — To translate mRNA into proteins
Q. What is the function of ribosomes in the process of translation?
A.To synthesize DNA
B.To provide a site for protein synthesis
C.To transport RNA
D.To degrade proteins
Solution
Ribosomes serve as the site of protein synthesis, where mRNA is translated into a polypeptide chain.
Correct Answer: B — To provide a site for protein synthesis
Q. What is the function of RNA polymerase during transcription?
A.To replicate DNA
B.To synthesize RNA from a DNA template
C.To splice RNA
D.To translate mRNA into protein
Solution
RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA by transcribing the genetic information from a DNA template.
Correct Answer: B — To synthesize RNA from a DNA template
Q. What is the function of RuBisCO in the Calvin cycle?
A.To produce ATP
B.To fix carbon dioxide
C.To generate NADPH
D.To release oxygen
Solution
RuBisCO catalyzes the fixation of carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle.
Correct Answer: B — To fix carbon dioxide
Q. What is the function of sclerenchyma cells in plants?
A.Photosynthesis
B.Transport of nutrients
C.Support and protection
D.Storage of water
Solution
Sclerenchyma cells provide support and protection due to their thick, lignified cell walls.
Correct Answer: C — Support and protection
Q. What is the function of the complement system in immunity?
A.To produce antibodies
B.To lyse pathogens
C.To activate T cells
D.To enhance inflammation
Solution
The complement system consists of proteins that enhance the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens, including the lysis of pathogens.
Correct Answer: B — To lyse pathogens
Q. What is the function of the epiglottis during swallowing?
A.To filter air
B.To prevent food from entering the trachea
C.To produce sound
D.To aid in gas exchange
Solution
The epiglottis prevents food and liquids from entering the trachea during swallowing, directing them to the esophagus.
Correct Answer: B — To prevent food from entering the trachea
Q. What is the function of the esophagus in the digestive system?
A.Digestion of proteins
B.Transport of food to the stomach
C.Absorption of nutrients
D.Production of saliva
Solution
The esophagus is a muscular tube that transports food from the mouth to the stomach.
Correct Answer: B — Transport of food to the stomach
Q. What is the function of the esophagus?
A.Digests food
B.Absorbs nutrients
C.Transports food to the stomach
D.Produces enzymes
Solution
The esophagus is a muscular tube that transports food from the mouth to the stomach.
Correct Answer: C — Transports food to the stomach
Q. What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in plant cells?
A.Protein modification and packaging
B.Photosynthesis
C.Cell division
D.Storage of water
Solution
The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.
Correct Answer: A — Protein modification and packaging
Q. What is the function of the pancreas in the digestive system?
A.Secretes bile
B.Produces digestive enzymes and hormones
C.Stores food
D.Absorbs nutrients
Solution
The pancreas produces digestive enzymes and hormones, such as insulin, which regulate blood sugar levels.
Correct Answer: B — Produces digestive enzymes and hormones
Q. What is the function of the placenta during pregnancy?
A.To provide oxygen and nutrients to the fetus
B.To produce hormones
C.To remove waste products from the fetus
D.All of the above
Solution
The placenta serves multiple functions including nutrient and gas exchange, hormone production, and waste removal.
Correct Answer: D — All of the above
Q. What is the function of the promoter region in a gene?
A.To code for proteins
B.To initiate transcription
C.To terminate transcription
D.To splice RNA
Solution
The promoter region of a gene is a sequence that initiates transcription by providing a binding site for RNA polymerase.
Correct Answer: B — To initiate transcription
Q. What is the function of the ribosome during translation?
A.To synthesize RNA
B.To provide a site for protein synthesis
C.To splice mRNA
D.To replicate DNA
Solution
Ribosomes serve as the cellular machinery that facilitates the assembly of amino acids into proteins during the translation process.
Correct Answer: B — To provide a site for protein synthesis
Q. What is the function of the valves in the heart?
A.To increase blood pressure
B.To prevent backflow of blood
C.To regulate heart rate
D.To supply oxygen to the blood
Solution
Heart valves prevent the backflow of blood, ensuring it flows in one direction through the heart chambers.
Correct Answer: B — To prevent backflow of blood
Q. What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) during protein synthesis?
A.To carry genetic information
B.To form ribosomes
C.To bring amino acids to the ribosome
D.To replicate DNA
Solution
tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching them to the mRNA codons.
Correct Answer: C — To bring amino acids to the ribosome
Q. What is the function of tRNA during translation?
A.To carry amino acids to the ribosome
B.To synthesize mRNA
C.To form the ribosome structure
D.To splice introns from mRNA
Solution
tRNA carries specific amino acids to the ribosome, where they are added to the growing polypeptide chain.
Correct Answer: A — To carry amino acids to the ribosome
Q. What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?
A.To carry genetic information
B.To synthesize RNA
C.To bring amino acids to the ribosome
D.To form the ribosome structure
Solution
Transfer RNA (tRNA) functions to bring specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation, matching them to the corresponding codons on the mRNA.
Correct Answer: C — To bring amino acids to the ribosome
Q. What is the function of tRNA in the cell?
A.To carry genetic information
B.To transport amino acids to the ribosome
C.To synthesize RNA from DNA
D.To splice introns from mRNA
Solution
tRNA transports amino acids to the ribosome for incorporation into proteins.
Correct Answer: B — To transport amino acids to the ribosome
Q. What is the function of valves in the heart?
A.To increase blood pressure
B.To prevent backflow of blood
C.To regulate heart rate
D.To oxygenate blood
Solution
Valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood, ensuring it flows in one direction.
Correct Answer: B — To prevent backflow of blood
Q. What is the genetic makeup of a typical human female?
A.XY
B.XX
C.YY
D.XO
Solution
A typical human female has two X chromosomes, denoted as XX.
Correct Answer: B — XX
Q. What is the half-life of IgG antibodies in the human body?
A.1-2 days
B.5-7 days
C.21 days
D.23 days
Solution
The half-life of IgG antibodies in the human body is approximately 21 days.
Correct Answer: C — 21 days
Q. What is the largest artery in the human body?
A.Pulmonary artery
B.Aorta
C.Coronary artery
D.Femoral artery
Solution
The aorta is the largest artery in the human body, carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
Correct Answer: B — Aorta
Q. What is the main advantage of using hybrid plants in agriculture?
A.Higher resistance to diseases
B.Lower growth rates
C.Increased reliance on specific pollinators
D.Reduced yield
Solution
Hybrid plants are often bred for higher resistance to diseases, leading to better crop yields.
Correct Answer: A — Higher resistance to diseases
Q. What is the main advantage of using marker-assisted selection in plant breeding?
A.It reduces the need for fertilizers
B.It speeds up the breeding process
C.It eliminates the need for irrigation
D.It increases the size of fruits
Solution
Marker-assisted selection speeds up the breeding process by allowing breeders to select plants with desirable traits more efficiently.
Correct Answer: B — It speeds up the breeding process
Q. What is the main advantage of using plasmids as vectors in cloning?
A.They are large and complex
B.They replicate independently of chromosomal DNA
C.They are difficult to manipulate
D.They do not carry antibiotic resistance genes
Solution
Plasmids can replicate independently of chromosomal DNA, making them ideal vectors for cloning.
Correct Answer: B — They replicate independently of chromosomal DNA
Q. What is the main advantage of using steam sterilization over dry heat sterilization?
A.Faster sterilization time
B.Lower temperatures required
C.More effective against spores
D.All of the above
Solution
Steam sterilization has the advantages of faster sterilization time, lower temperatures required, and greater effectiveness against spores compared to dry heat sterilization.
