The coordination number is defined as the number of ligands surrounding the central metal atom. In this case, it is 6.

Werner's theory accounts for various types of isomerism, including geometric, optical, and structural isomerism in coordination compounds.

Real gases behave most like ideal gases at low pressure and high temperature, where intermolecular forces are minimized.

2,3-dimethylbutane has no chiral centers, so it has only 1 stereoisomer.

2-pentene has two geometric isomers: cis-2-pentene and trans-2-pentene.

1,2-dichloropropane has one chiral center, leading to 2 stereoisomers.

1 mole of NaCl dissociates into 2 particles (1 Na⁺ and 1 Cl⁻), so there are 2 particles in solution.

The coordination number refers to the number of ligands that are directly bonded to the central metal ion in a coordination complex.

In a galvanic cell, reduction occurs at the cathode, where electrons are gained.

The nucleophile attacks the electrophile, which is typically a carbon atom bonded to a leaving group, facilitating the substitution.

The solvent can influence the reaction rate by stabilizing the transition state and the reactants involved in the nucleophilic substitution.

An intermediate is a species that is produced in one step of a reaction mechanism and consumed in a later step.

The addition of HBr to propene follows Markovnikov's rule, leading to the formation of 1-bromopropane.

According to Markovnikov's rule, in the addition of HBr to an asymmetric alkene, the hydrogen will add to the less substituted carbon, and the bromine will add to the more substituted carbon.

In an E2 reaction, the base abstracts a proton from the β-carbon, facilitating the elimination of the leaving group and formation of a double bond.

E2 reactions require a good leaving group to facilitate the elimination of the leaving group and the formation of a double bond.

The major product is 2-bromopropane due to Markovnikov's rule, where the bromine adds to the more substituted carbon.

The formation of the carbocation is the rate-determining step in an SN1 reaction, as it involves breaking the bond to the leaving group.

In an SN2 reaction, the nucleophile attacks from the opposite side of the leaving group, resulting in inversion of configuration.

Methyl iodide reacts the fastest in an SN2 reaction due to minimal steric hindrance and the good leaving ability of iodide.

S_N2 reactions result in inversion of configuration at the chiral center due to the backside attack of the nucleophile.

Activation energy is the minimum energy that reactants must possess for a reaction to occur.

The rate-determining step is the slowest step in a reaction mechanism, which controls the overall reaction rate.

Polyalkylation can occur in Friedel-Crafts alkylation, leading to multiple alkyl groups being added to the benzene ring.

In the Langmuir isotherm, 'K' is the equilibrium constant that relates the concentration of adsorbate in the gas phase to the amount adsorbed on the surface.

Monolayer coverage in the Langmuir isotherm indicates that all available adsorption sites on the surface are occupied by adsorbate molecules.

In an SN2 reaction, the nucleophile attacks the substrate from the side opposite to the leaving group, leading to a backside attack.

Sulfuric acid acts as a catalyst in the generation of the nitronium ion (NO2+), the active electrophile in the nitration reaction.

The electrophile in the nitration of benzene is the nitronium ion (NO2+), generated from the reaction of nitric acid (HNO3) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4).

In the nitration of benzene, concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is used to generate the nitronium ion (NO2+) from nitric acid (HNO3).