Chemical Kinetics Advanced
Q. In a reaction mechanism, what is the term for a species that is formed in one step and consumed in a subsequent step?
A.
Intermediate
B.
Catalyst
C.
Transition state
D.
Reactant
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Solution
An intermediate is a species that is produced in one step of a reaction mechanism and consumed in a later step.
Correct Answer: A — Intermediate
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Q. In the context of chemical kinetics, what does the term 'activation energy' refer to?
A.
The energy required to break bonds
B.
The energy required to form products
C.
The minimum energy required for a reaction to occur
D.
The energy released during a reaction
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Solution
Activation energy is the minimum energy that reactants must possess for a reaction to occur.
Correct Answer: C — The minimum energy required for a reaction to occur
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Q. What is the IUPAC name for the compound with the formula CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3?
A.
2-Methylbutane
B.
3-Methylbutane
C.
Butane
D.
Pentane
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Solution
The longest carbon chain has four carbons (butane), and there is a methyl group on the second carbon, making it 2-Methylbutane.
Correct Answer: A — 2-Methylbutane
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Q. What is the IUPAC name for the compound with the formula CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3?
A.
2-Pentanol
B.
3-Methylpentane
C.
2-Methylpentane
D.
Pentane
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Solution
The longest carbon chain has five carbons, and there is a methyl group on the third carbon, making the IUPAC name 3-Methylpentane.
Correct Answer: B — 3-Methylpentane
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Q. What is the product of the reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid in the presence of an acid catalyst?
A.
Ester
B.
Ether
C.
Aldehyde
D.
Ketone
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Solution
The reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid in the presence of an acid catalyst produces an ester through a process called esterification.
Correct Answer: A — Ester
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Q. What is the rate law for the reaction A + B → C if the rate is found to be first order in A and second order in B?
A.
Rate = k[A][B]
B.
Rate = k[A]^2[B]
C.
Rate = k[A][B]^2
D.
Rate = k[A]^2[B]^2
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Solution
The rate law is determined by the orders of the reactants. Since the reaction is first order in A and second order in B, the rate law is Rate = k[A][B]^2.
Correct Answer: C — Rate = k[A][B]^2
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Q. What type of isomerism is exhibited by 2-butene?
A.
Structural isomerism
B.
Geometric isomerism
C.
Optical isomerism
D.
Conformational isomerism
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Solution
2-butene exhibits geometric isomerism (cis/trans) due to the restricted rotation around the double bond.
Correct Answer: B — Geometric isomerism
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Q. Which of the following compounds is a primary alcohol?
A.
CH3CH2OH
B.
CH3CHO
C.
CH3CH2CH2OH
D.
C6H5CH2OH
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Solution
A primary alcohol is one where the hydroxyl group (-OH) is attached to a carbon that is only connected to one other carbon. CH3CH2OH (ethanol) is a primary alcohol.
Correct Answer: A — CH3CH2OH
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Q. Which of the following functional groups is present in amino acids?
A.
Carboxyl group
B.
Hydroxyl group
C.
Carbonyl group
D.
Aldehyde group
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Solution
Amino acids contain both an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH), making the carboxyl group a key functional group.
Correct Answer: A — Carboxyl group
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of a zero-order reaction?
A.
Rate depends on the concentration of reactants.
B.
Rate is constant and independent of reactant concentration.
C.
Rate increases with temperature.
D.
Rate decreases as the reaction proceeds.
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Solution
In a zero-order reaction, the rate is constant and does not depend on the concentration of the reactants.
Correct Answer: B — Rate is constant and independent of reactant concentration.
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Q. Which of the following statements about reaction mechanisms is true?
A.
All reactions proceed through a single elementary step.
B.
Catalysts are consumed in the reaction.
C.
The rate-determining step is the slowest step in a mechanism.
D.
Intermediates are always stable.
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Solution
The rate-determining step is indeed the slowest step in a reaction mechanism, which controls the overall rate of the reaction.
Correct Answer: C — The rate-determining step is the slowest step in a mechanism.
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