In the Langmuir isotherm, 'K' is the equilibrium constant that relates the concentration of adsorbate in the gas phase to the amount adsorbed on the surface.

Monolayer coverage in the Langmuir isotherm indicates that all available adsorption sites on the surface are occupied by adsorbate molecules.

Physisorption typically decreases with increasing temperature because the kinetic energy of the molecules increases, overcoming the weak van der Waals forces.

Chemisorption involves stronger interactions and is often irreversible, while physisorption is weaker and reversible.

Adsorption can occur through physical or chemical means, but chemical adsorption (chemisorption) involves the formation of a chemical bond between the adsorbate and the surface.

Surfactants decrease surface tension by accumulating at the interface, which can enhance wetting and spreading.

Competitive adsorption occurs when the presence of one adsorbate affects the adsorption of another species on the surface.

Gases typically adsorb on metal surfaces through weak van der Waals forces, although some may also involve stronger interactions depending on the gas and metal.

The BET theory describes multi-layer adsorption on porous surfaces, extending the Langmuir model to account for multiple layers.

Functional groups like hydroxyl and carboxylic acids can form hydrogen bonds or coordinate with metal surfaces, enhancing adsorption.

Physisorption is characterized by weak van der Waals forces, making it a reversible process with low heat of adsorption.

Surface chemistry plays a crucial role in various applications, including catalysis, drug delivery, and environmental cleanup.

Gas chromatography relies on physical adsorption where the sample components are separated based on their different affinities to the stationary phase.

A rough metal surface has a larger surface area and more active sites for adsorption compared to smooth surfaces, leading to higher adsorption capacity.