Functional Groups and Nomenclature - Advanced Concepts
Q. What is the correct IUPAC name for CH3-CH2-COOH?
A.
Propanoic acid
B.
Butanoic acid
C.
Acetic acid
D.
Isobutyric acid
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Solution
The compound CH3-CH2-COOH has three carbons in the longest chain and a carboxylic acid functional group, making it propanoic acid.
Correct Answer: A — Propanoic acid
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Q. What is the correct IUPAC name for the compound with the structure CH3-CH(CH3)-C(=O)-OH?
A.
3-Methylbutanoic acid
B.
2-Methylbutanoic acid
C.
2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid
D.
3-Hydroxy-2-methylbutanoic acid
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Solution
The compound is 2-methylbutanoic acid, as the carboxylic acid is on the second carbon of the butane chain.
Correct Answer: B — 2-Methylbutanoic acid
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Q. What is the functional group of esters?
A.
Aldehyde
B.
Carboxyl
C.
Ester
D.
Amine
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Solution
Esters contain the ester functional group, characterized by the structure RCOOR', where R and R' are hydrocarbon chains.
Correct Answer: C — Ester
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Q. What is the IUPAC name for the compound with the formula C5H10O2 that contains an ester functional group?
A.
Pentanoic acid
B.
Ethyl butanoate
C.
Butyl acetate
D.
2-Pentenoic acid
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Solution
The compound C5H10O2 is an ester, and the correct IUPAC name is ethyl butanoate, derived from butanoic acid and ethanol.
Correct Answer: B — Ethyl butanoate
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Q. What is the stereochemical configuration of 2-bromo-3-methylpentane at the chiral center?
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Solution
The chiral center in 2-bromo-3-methylpentane has the highest priority groups arranged in a clockwise manner, giving it an R configuration.
Correct Answer: A — R
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Q. Which functional group is present in the compound CH3CH2COOH?
A.
Alcohol
B.
Aldehyde
C.
Carboxylic acid
D.
Ester
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Solution
The compound CH3CH2COOH contains a carboxylic acid functional group, characterized by the -COOH group.
Correct Answer: C — Carboxylic acid
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Q. Which of the following functional groups is present in carboxylic acids?
A.
Aldehyde
B.
Alcohol
C.
Carboxyl
D.
Ester
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Solution
Carboxylic acids contain the carboxyl functional group (-COOH), which is the defining feature of this class of compounds.
Correct Answer: C — Carboxyl
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Q. Which of the following is a feature of stereoisomers?
A.
Same molecular formula, different connectivity
B.
Different molecular formulas
C.
Same connectivity, different spatial arrangement
D.
Same physical properties
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Solution
Stereoisomers have the same connectivity of atoms but differ in their spatial arrangement.
Correct Answer: C — Same connectivity, different spatial arrangement
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Q. Which reaction mechanism is involved in the conversion of an alcohol to an alkyl halide?
A.
SN1
B.
SN2
C.
E1
D.
E2
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Solution
The conversion of an alcohol to an alkyl halide typically involves an SN2 mechanism, where the nucleophile attacks the carbon atom while the leaving group departs.
Correct Answer: B — SN2
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