Isomerism and Stereochemistry - Advanced Concepts
Q. What is the IUPAC name for the compound with the structure CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3?
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A.
3-methylpentane
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B.
2-methylpentane
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C.
4-methylpentane
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D.
2-pentanol
Solution
The longest chain has 5 carbons, and the methyl group is on the third carbon, making it 3-methylpentane.
Correct Answer: A — 3-methylpentane
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Q. What type of isomerism is exhibited by 1,2-dichloroethene?
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A.
Structural isomerism
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B.
Geometric isomerism
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C.
Optical isomerism
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D.
Conformational isomerism
Solution
1,2-dichloroethene can exist as cis and trans isomers due to the restricted rotation around the double bond.
Correct Answer: B — Geometric isomerism
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Q. Which of the following functional groups can exhibit stereoisomerism?
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A.
Alcohols
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B.
Aldehydes
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C.
Alkenes
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D.
Ketones
Solution
Alkenes can exhibit stereoisomerism due to the presence of a double bond, allowing for cis and trans configurations.
Correct Answer: C — Alkenes
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of diastereomers?
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A.
They are mirror images of each other.
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B.
They have different physical properties.
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C.
They have the same connectivity.
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D.
They cannot be separated by physical methods.
Solution
Diastereomers are not mirror images and typically have different physical properties.
Correct Answer: B — They have different physical properties.
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of stereoisomers?
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A.
They have different molecular formulas.
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B.
They have the same connectivity of atoms.
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C.
They cannot be interconverted without breaking bonds.
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D.
They have different boiling points.
Solution
Stereoisomers have the same connectivity but differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms.
Correct Answer: B — They have the same connectivity of atoms.
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Q. Which of the following is NOT a type of stereoisomerism?
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A.
Geometric isomerism
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B.
Optical isomerism
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C.
Structural isomerism
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D.
Conformational isomerism
Solution
Structural isomerism refers to isomers with different connectivity, not stereoisomerism.
Correct Answer: C — Structural isomerism
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Q. Which of the following statements about enantiomers is true?
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A.
They have identical physical properties.
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B.
They rotate plane-polarized light in opposite directions.
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C.
They can be separated by simple distillation.
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D.
They have the same molecular formula but different connectivity.
Solution
Enantiomers are non-superimposable mirror images and rotate plane-polarized light in opposite directions.
Correct Answer: B — They rotate plane-polarized light in opposite directions.
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