Functional Groups and Nomenclature - Higher Difficulty Problems
Q. What is the correct IUPAC name for the compound with the structure CH3-CH2-COOH?
A.
Propanoic acid
B.
Butanoic acid
C.
Acetic acid
D.
Isobutyric acid
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Solution
The compound has three carbon atoms in the longest chain and a carboxylic acid functional group, making it propanoic acid.
Correct Answer: A — Propanoic acid
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Q. What is the IUPAC name for the compound with the formula C5H10O that contains a ketone functional group?
A.
2-Pentanone
B.
3-Pentanone
C.
1-Pentanone
D.
Pentanal
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Solution
The compound is a ketone with five carbon atoms. The longest carbon chain is pentane, and the ketone group is on the second carbon, making the IUPAC name 2-Pentanone.
Correct Answer: A — 2-Pentanone
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Q. What is the IUPAC name for the compound with the formula C6H12O2 that is derived from hexanoic acid and ethanol?
A.
Ethyl hexanoate
B.
Hexyl acetate
C.
Hexanoic acid
D.
Hexanol
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Solution
The compound is an ester formed from hexanoic acid and ethanol, making it ethyl hexanoate.
Correct Answer: A — Ethyl hexanoate
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Q. What is the IUPAC name of the compound with the formula C5H10O that contains a ketone functional group?
A.
2-Pentanone
B.
3-Pentanone
C.
1-Pentanone
D.
Pentanal
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Solution
The compound is a ketone with five carbon atoms. The longest carbon chain is pentane, and the ketone group is on the second carbon, making it 2-Pentanone.
Correct Answer: A — 2-Pentanone
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Q. What is the major product of the reaction between 1-bromopropane and sodium hydroxide in an aqueous solution?
A.
1-Propanol
B.
2-Propanol
C.
Propene
D.
No reaction
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Solution
The reaction is a nucleophilic substitution (SN2) where sodium hydroxide replaces the bromine atom, resulting in 1-Propanol.
Correct Answer: A — 1-Propanol
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Q. What type of reaction occurs when an alcohol reacts with a carboxylic acid to form an ester?
A.
Hydrolysis
B.
Esterification
C.
Oxidation
D.
Reduction
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Solution
The reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid to form an ester is known as esterification.
Correct Answer: B — Esterification
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Q. Which functional group is present in the compound 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde?
A.
Aldehyde
B.
Ketone
C.
Alcohol
D.
Ether
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Solution
The compound contains a benzaldehyde functional group (aldehyde) along with hydroxy and methoxy substituents.
Correct Answer: A — Aldehyde
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Q. Which of the following compounds is an example of an ester?
A.
Ethyl acetate
B.
Butan-1-ol
C.
Acetic acid
D.
Propanoic acid
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Solution
Ethyl acetate is formed from the reaction of ethanol and acetic acid, making it an ester. The other options are either alcohols or acids.
Correct Answer: A — Ethyl acetate
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Q. Which of the following is the correct IUPAC name for the compound with the structure CH3-CH(CH3)-C(=O)-OH?
A.
3-Methylbutanoic acid
B.
2-Methylbutanoic acid
C.
3-Methylpropanoic acid
D.
2-Methylpropanoic acid
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Solution
The compound has a carboxylic acid functional group and a methyl group on the third carbon of a four-carbon chain, making it 3-Methylbutanoic acid.
Correct Answer: A — 3-Methylbutanoic acid
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Q. Which of the following is the correct IUPAC name for the compound with the structure CH3-CH2-CO-CH2-CH3?
A.
2-Pentanone
B.
3-Pentanone
C.
4-Pentanone
D.
2-Butanone
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Solution
The longest chain has five carbons with a ketone group on the third carbon, making it 3-Pentanone.
Correct Answer: B — 3-Pentanone
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