The addition of HBr to ethene results in the formation of bromoethane through an electrophilic addition mechanism.

The reaction of ethene with water in the presence of an acid catalyst leads to the formation of ethanol through hydration.

The addition of HBr to propene follows Markovnikov's rule, leading to the formation of 2-bromopropane as the major product.

Lindlar's catalyst selectively hydrogenates alkynes to alkenes, resulting in the formation of cis-2-pentene from 1-pentyne.

The reaction of benzene with bromine in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst leads to the substitution of a hydrogen atom with a bromine atom, forming bromobenzene.

The product is Bromobenzene, as the reaction involves electrophilic aromatic substitution.

The reaction of ethylene (an alkene) with bromine results in the formation of 1,2-dibromoethane through an electrophilic addition mechanism.

The product is 2,4,6-tribromophenol, as phenol is highly reactive towards electrophilic substitution and can undergo multiple brominations.

The rate law is determined by the orders of the reactants. Since the reaction is first order in A and second order in B, the rate law is Rate = k[A][B]^2.

(R)-2-butanol and (S)-2-butanol are enantiomers because they are non-superimposable mirror images.

The repeating unit in polystyrene is derived from the monomer styrene, which has the formula C8H8.

The catalyst in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions, such as AlCl3 or FeBr3, is used to generate the electrophile that will react with the aromatic compound.

Phospholipids form the bilayer structure of cell membranes, providing structural integrity and acting as a barrier.

Sulfuric acid acts as a catalyst in the nitration of benzene, facilitating the generation of the nitronium ion (NO2+) from nitric acid.

Surfactants decrease surface tension by accumulating at the interface, which can enhance wetting and spreading.

The d orbital has a double dumbbell shape.

The oxidation state of the central metal ion is crucial as it influences the stability, reactivity, and overall properties of the coordination complex.

The standard electrode potential for the reduction of copper ions to copper is +0.76 V.

The configuration (2R,3S) indicates that the second carbon is R and the third carbon is S.

(R)-2-butanol has the R configuration at the chiral center.

The chiral center in 2-bromo-3-methylpentane has the highest priority groups arranged in a clockwise manner, giving it an R configuration.

2-Butanol has a chiral center and can exist as both R and S enantiomers.

When the two methyl groups are on the same side of the double bond, the configuration is referred to as cis.

The S_N2 reaction will invert the configuration, resulting in the (S) configuration for the product.

SN2 reactions result in inversion of configuration at the carbon center where the nucleophile attacks, leading to a stereochemical change.

The SN2 mechanism inverts the configuration at the chiral center, resulting in (S)-2-iodobutane.

S_N2 reactions result in inversion of configuration at the carbon center where substitution occurs.

2-butanol has a chiral center and can exist as both R and S enantiomers.

2-Butanone is achiral because it does not have a chiral center.

2-butene can exist as both cis and trans isomers due to the presence of a double bond between the second and third carbon atoms.