Cycloalkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with a ring structure. C6H12 represents cyclohexane, which is a cycloalkane.

2,3-butanediol has two chiral centers but is superimposable on its mirror image, making it a meso compound.

SiO2 contains silicon, which is a p-block element in group 14 of the periodic table.

p-Dichlorobenzene has two chlorine substituents located at the para positions relative to each other on the benzene ring.

Phenol is a classic example of a phenolic compound, characterized by a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a benzene ring.

Naphthalene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, consisting of two fused benzene rings.

Lactic acid can exist as two enantiomers, and a racemic mixture contains equal amounts of both.

1-butyne is a terminal alkyne because the triple bond is at the end of the carbon chain.

Ethyl acetate is formed from the reaction of ethanol and acetic acid, making it an ester. The other options are either alcohols or acids.

Nitrobenzene is least reactive towards electrophilic substitution due to the strong electron-withdrawing effect of the nitro group, which deactivates the ring.

3-bromobutane is most likely to undergo an E1 reaction due to the stability of the tertiary carbocation formed during the reaction.

Toluene is most reactive due to the electron-donating effect of the methyl group, which activates the ring towards electrophilic substitution.

Toluene is the most reactive due to the electron-donating effect of the methyl group, which activates the ring towards electrophilic substitution.

3-bromopropane is a tertiary alkyl halide, which favors the SN1 mechanism due to the stability of the carbocation formed.

Tertiary alkyl halides like 3-bromopropane stabilize the carbocation intermediate formed during the SN1 mechanism, making them more reactive.

S_N1 reactions are favored by tertiary substrates due to the stability of the carbocation intermediate formed.

1-bromopropane undergoes S_N2 reactions most readily due to less steric hindrance compared to secondary and tertiary halides.

Phenol is more reactive than benzene due to the electron-donating effect of the hydroxyl group, which stabilizes the carbocation intermediate.

Toluene undergoes electrophilic substitution more readily than benzene due to the electron-donating effect of the methyl group, which stabilizes the carbocation intermediate.

Toluene undergoes electrophilic substitution most readily due to the electron-donating effect of the methyl group, which activates the benzene ring.

3-bromopentane undergoes elimination more readily due to the stability of the tertiary carbocation formed during the reaction.

3-bromopropane undergoes elimination more readily due to the stability of the tertiary carbocation formed during the reaction.

2-bromobutane undergoes elimination (E2) to form an alkene, while 2-bromo-2-methylpropane does not due to steric hindrance.

2-bromopentane can undergo E2 elimination because it has a beta-hydrogen available for elimination, while the others either do not or favor different mechanisms.

Nitrobenzene will not undergo electrophilic substitution readily because the nitro group is a strong deactivator and meta-director.

Toluene will undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution most readily due to the electron-donating effect of the methyl group.

Toluene will undergo electrophilic substitution more readily than benzene due to the electron-donating effect of the methyl group.

Phenol will undergo electrophilic substitution more readily than benzene due to the electron-donating effect of the hydroxyl group.

Ethylbenzene will undergo electrophilic substitution the fastest due to the electron-donating effect of the ethyl group.

[Ni(CN)4]2- is a square planar complex, while the others exhibit different geometries.