The diaphragm is the primary muscle that contracts and relaxes to facilitate breathing.

Particulate matter is a primary pollutant in smog, contributing to air quality issues.

Photosynthesis is the primary process by which energy from sunlight is converted into chemical energy by plants.

Reproduction ensures the continuation of a species by producing offspring.

Reproductive health education aims to inform individuals about safe practices, including the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases.

Recombinant DNA technology is used to create vaccines, produce antibiotics, and synthesize hormones like insulin.

Restriction enzymes are proteins that cut DNA at specific sequences, which is essential for cloning and genetic engineering.

Potassium plays a crucial role in water regulation and osmotic balance in plants, helping to maintain turgor pressure.

Root hairs increase the surface area for water absorption from the soil.

Synovial fluid lubricates the joint, reducing friction and allowing for smooth movement.

The cytoskeleton provides structural support, helps maintain cell shape, and facilitates cell movement.

The spinal cord transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body, playing a crucial role in reflex actions.

White blood cells are crucial for the immune response, helping to defend the body against infections and foreign invaders.

The small intestine is the primary site for the absorption of nutrients from digested food.

The stomach is the primary site of protein digestion, where pepsin begins the breakdown of proteins.

The primary site of respiration in plant cells is the mitochondria, where ATP is produced through cellular respiration.

Sunlight is the primary source of energy for most ecosystems, as it drives photosynthesis in plants.

Solar energy is the primary source of energy for most ecosystems, driving photosynthesis in plants.

Solar energy is the primary source of energy for photosynthesis, driving the process.

Mutations are the primary source of genetic variation, providing the raw material for evolution.

Bioremediation is primarily used to clean up environmental pollutants using microorganisms.

The probability of obtaining a homozygous recessive offspring (aa) from a cross between two heterozygous parents (Aa x Aa) is 25%.

Replication is the process by which DNA is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules.

The process of fusion of male and female gametes is called fertilization.

DNA ligase is an enzyme that joins DNA fragments together, which is essential for creating recombinant DNA molecules in genetic engineering.

A promoter is a DNA sequence that initiates transcription of a particular gene, driving the expression of the inserted gene in a recombinant DNA molecule.

Selectable markers are genes that confer resistance to antibiotics or other substances, allowing researchers to identify cells that have successfully taken up the recombinant DNA.

CRISPR technology is primarily used for gene editing, allowing precise modifications to DNA.

Restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA at specific sequences, which is essential for cloning and genetic engineering.

The resting membrane potential of a typical neuron is approximately -70 mV.