Genetics & Evolution - Principles of Inheritance
Q. In a cross between a homozygous tall plant (TT) and a homozygous short plant (tt), what will be the genotype of the F1 generation? (2019)
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A.
TT
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B.
tt
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C.
Tt
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D.
TtTt
Solution
The genotype of the F1 generation from a cross between TT and tt will be Tt (all offspring will be heterozygous).
Correct Answer: C — Tt
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Q. In a cross between a homozygous tall plant and a homozygous short plant, what will be the height of the F1 generation? (2019)
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A.
Tall
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B.
Short
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C.
Medium
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D.
Variable
Solution
The height of the F1 generation will be tall, as tall is the dominant trait.
Correct Answer: A — Tall
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Q. In a dihybrid cross, what is the expected phenotypic ratio? (2023)
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A.
1:1
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B.
3:1
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C.
9:3:3:1
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D.
1:2:1
Solution
The expected phenotypic ratio in a dihybrid cross is 9:3:3:1.
Correct Answer: C — 9:3:3:1
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Q. In a pedigree chart, a filled circle represents which of the following? (2023)
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A.
Male
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B.
Female
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C.
Affected female
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D.
Affected male
Solution
In a pedigree chart, a filled circle represents an affected female.
Correct Answer: C — Affected female
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Q. In a test cross, an individual of unknown genotype is crossed with which of the following? (2021)
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A.
Homozygous dominant
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B.
Heterozygous
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C.
Homozygous recessive
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D.
Any individual
Solution
A test cross is performed by crossing an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual.
Correct Answer: C — Homozygous recessive
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Q. In a test cross, an individual with a dominant phenotype is crossed with which of the following? (2021)
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A.
Homozygous dominant
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B.
Homozygous recessive
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C.
Heterozygous
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D.
None of the above
Solution
In a test cross, an individual with a dominant phenotype is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual to determine its genotype.
Correct Answer: B — Homozygous recessive
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Q. In a test cross, an individual with an unknown genotype is crossed with which of the following? (2023)
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A.
Homozygous dominant
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B.
Heterozygous
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C.
Homozygous recessive
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D.
Any individual
Solution
In a test cross, the individual with an unknown genotype is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual.
Correct Answer: C — Homozygous recessive
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Q. In humans, the allele for brown eyes (B) is dominant over the allele for blue eyes (b). What is the genotype of a person with blue eyes? (2019)
Solution
A person with blue eyes must have the genotype bb, as blue is recessive.
Correct Answer: C — bb
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Q. In Mendel's experiments, which trait was observed to be dominant in pea plants? (2018)
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A.
Green seed color
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B.
Yellow seed color
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C.
Wrinkled seeds
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D.
Short plants
Solution
In Mendel's experiments, yellow seed color was observed to be the dominant trait in pea plants.
Correct Answer: B — Yellow seed color
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Q. In Mendel's experiments, which trait was observed to be dominant over the other? (2018)
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A.
Green seed color
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B.
Yellow seed color
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C.
Round seed shape
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D.
Wrinkled seed shape
Solution
In Mendel's experiments, yellow seed color was observed to be dominant over green seed color.
Correct Answer: B — Yellow seed color
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Q. What is the probability of obtaining a homozygous recessive offspring from a cross between two heterozygous parents? (2022)
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A.
0%
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B.
25%
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C.
50%
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D.
75%
Solution
The probability of obtaining a homozygous recessive offspring (aa) from a cross between two heterozygous parents (Aa x Aa) is 25%.
Correct Answer: B — 25%
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Q. What is the term for an organism's genetic makeup? (2022)
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A.
Phenotype
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B.
Genotype
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C.
Allele
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D.
Trait
Solution
The genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its genotype.
Correct Answer: B — Genotype
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Q. Which of the following is an example of a dihybrid cross? (2019)
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A.
Aa x Aa
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B.
AaBb x AaBb
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C.
AA x aa
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D.
Aa x aa
Solution
A dihybrid cross involves two traits, and AaBb x AaBb is an example of such a cross.
Correct Answer: B — AaBb x AaBb
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Q. Which of the following is NOT a type of inheritance pattern? (2021)
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A.
Incomplete dominance
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B.
Codominance
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C.
Polygenic inheritance
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D.
Transgenic inheritance
Solution
Transgenic inheritance is not a recognized pattern of inheritance; it refers to organisms that have been genetically modified.
Correct Answer: D — Transgenic inheritance
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Q. Which of the following represents a homozygous dominant genotype? (2021)
Solution
The genotype 'AA' represents a homozygous dominant individual.
Correct Answer: A — AA
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Q. Which of the following represents a phenotype? (2021)
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A.
BB
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B.
Bb
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C.
bb
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D.
Brown eyes
Solution
A phenotype is the observable characteristic, such as brown eyes.
Correct Answer: D — Brown eyes
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Q. Which of the following terms describes the physical appearance of an organism? (2023)
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A.
Genotype
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B.
Phenotype
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C.
Allele
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D.
Locus
Solution
The term 'phenotype' refers to the physical appearance of an organism.
Correct Answer: B — Phenotype
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