Human Physiology - Neural Control
Q. What is the function of the autonomic nervous system? (2023)
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A.
To control voluntary muscle movements
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B.
To regulate involuntary bodily functions
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C.
To process sensory information
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D.
To coordinate reflex actions
Solution
The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate and digestion.
Correct Answer: B — To regulate involuntary bodily functions
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Q. What is the primary function of the myelin sheath in neurons? (2021)
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A.
To protect the neuron from damage
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B.
To increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission
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C.
To provide nutrients to the neuron
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D.
To facilitate synaptic transmission
Solution
The myelin sheath acts as an insulator and increases the speed of nerve impulse transmission through saltatory conduction.
Correct Answer: B — To increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission
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Q. What is the primary role of the spinal cord in the nervous system? (2022)
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A.
To process sensory information
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B.
To coordinate voluntary movements
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C.
To transmit signals between the brain and the body
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D.
To store memories
Solution
The spinal cord transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body, playing a crucial role in reflex actions.
Correct Answer: C — To transmit signals between the brain and the body
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Q. What is the resting membrane potential of a typical neuron? (2020)
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A.
-70 mV
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B.
-50 mV
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C.
0 mV
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D.
+30 mV
Solution
The resting membrane potential of a typical neuron is approximately -70 mV.
Correct Answer: A — -70 mV
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Q. What is the role of neurotransmitters in neural communication? (2019)
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A.
To generate action potentials
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B.
To transmit signals across the synapse
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C.
To maintain resting membrane potential
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D.
To insulate the axon
Solution
Neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit signals across the synapse from one neuron to another.
Correct Answer: B — To transmit signals across the synapse
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Q. What is the role of neurotransmitters in the nervous system? (2019)
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A.
To transmit electrical impulses along the axon
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B.
To facilitate communication between neurons
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C.
To protect the neuron from pathogens
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D.
To store genetic information
Solution
Neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to another.
Correct Answer: B — To facilitate communication between neurons
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Q. What is the role of the synapse in neural communication? (2022)
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A.
To generate action potentials
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B.
To connect two neurons
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C.
To insulate the axon
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D.
To store neurotransmitters
Solution
The synapse is the junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released to facilitate communication.
Correct Answer: B — To connect two neurons
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Q. Which ion is primarily responsible for depolarization during an action potential? (2023)
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A.
Sodium (Na+)
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B.
Potassium (K+)
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C.
Calcium (Ca2+)
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D.
Chloride (Cl-)
Solution
Sodium ions (Na+) rush into the neuron during depolarization, causing the membrane potential to become more positive.
Correct Answer: A — Sodium (Na+)
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Q. Which ion is primarily responsible for the depolarization phase of an action potential? (2023)
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A.
Sodium (Na+)
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B.
Potassium (K+)
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C.
Calcium (Ca2+)
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D.
Chloride (Cl-)
Solution
Sodium ions (Na+) rush into the neuron during depolarization, causing the membrane potential to become more positive.
Correct Answer: A — Sodium (Na+)
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Q. Which part of the nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response? (2023)
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A.
Parasympathetic nervous system
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B.
Sympathetic nervous system
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C.
Central nervous system
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D.
Somatic nervous system
Solution
The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response, preparing the body for action.
Correct Answer: B — Sympathetic nervous system
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Q. Which part of the neuron is responsible for receiving signals from other neurons? (2020)
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A.
Axon
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B.
Dendrites
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C.
Myelin sheath
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D.
Synapse
Solution
Dendrites are the extensions of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons.
Correct Answer: B — Dendrites
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Q. Which part of the neuron is responsible for transmitting impulses to other neurons? (2023)
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A.
Dendrites
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B.
Cell body
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C.
Axon
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D.
Synapse
Solution
The axon is responsible for transmitting impulses away from the cell body to other neurons or muscles.
Correct Answer: C — Axon
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Q. Which part of the neuron receives signals from other neurons? (2020)
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A.
Axon
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B.
Dendrites
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C.
Cell body
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D.
Synapse
Solution
Dendrites are the parts of the neuron that receive signals from other neurons.
Correct Answer: B — Dendrites
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Q. Which structure in the neuron is responsible for the generation of action potentials? (2019)
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A.
Dendrites
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B.
Cell body
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C.
Axon hillock
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D.
Myelin sheath
Solution
The axon hillock is the part of the neuron where action potentials are generated.
Correct Answer: C — Axon hillock
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Q. Which structure in the neuron is responsible for transmitting electrical impulses? (2019)
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A.
Dendrites
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B.
Cell body
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C.
Axon
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D.
Synapse
Solution
The axon is the part of the neuron that transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body.
Correct Answer: C — Axon
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Q. Which structure in the neuron is responsible for transmitting impulses to other neurons? (2019)
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A.
Dendrites
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B.
Cell body
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C.
Axon
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D.
Synapse
Solution
The axon is responsible for transmitting impulses away from the cell body to other neurons.
Correct Answer: C — Axon
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Q. Which type of neuron carries signals away from the central nervous system? (2021)
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A.
Sensory neurons
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B.
Motor neurons
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C.
Interneurons
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D.
Glial cells
Solution
Motor neurons carry signals away from the central nervous system to muscles and glands.
Correct Answer: B — Motor neurons
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