Q. The 'Berlin Conference' of 1884-85 is best known for which of the following?
A.Dividing Africa among European powers
B.Establishing the League of Nations
C.Promoting free trade in Europe
D.Creating the United Nations
Solution
The Berlin Conference is best known for dividing Africa among European powers, formalizing the scramble for Africa and establishing rules for colonization.
Correct Answer: A — Dividing Africa among European powers
Q. The 'Glorious Revolution' of 1688 in England is significant for establishing which principle?
A.Absolute monarchy
B.Parliamentary sovereignty
C.Divine right of kings
D.Colonial expansion
Solution
The Glorious Revolution established the principle of parliamentary sovereignty, limiting the powers of the monarchy and affirming the role of Parliament.
Q. The concept of 'Satyagraha' was first successfully implemented by Mahatma Gandhi in which of the following movements? (1917)
A.Champaran Movement
B.Kheda Movement
C.Non-Cooperation Movement
D.Civil Disobedience Movement
Solution
Mahatma Gandhi first successfully implemented the concept of 'Satyagraha' during the Champaran Movement in 1917, addressing the grievances of indigo farmers.
Q. What was the primary objective of the Berlin Conference of 1884-85?
A.To establish peace treaties among European nations.
B.To regulate European colonization and trade in Africa.
C.To promote economic cooperation in Europe.
D.To address the issue of slavery in the colonies.
Solution
The primary objective of the Berlin Conference was to regulate European colonization and trade in Africa, leading to the 'Scramble for Africa' and the partitioning of the continent.
Correct Answer: B — To regulate European colonization and trade in Africa.
Q. What was the primary reason for the decline of the Maurya Empire?
A.Weak leadership after Ashoka
B.Invasions by foreign powers
C.Economic decline due to excessive taxation
D.Religious conflicts among the populace
Solution
The decline of the Maurya Empire is primarily attributed to weak leadership after Ashoka, which led to fragmentation and loss of control over the vast empire.
Q. Which event marked the beginning of the modern nationalist movement in India? (1905)
A.The First War of Independence in 1857.
B.The formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885.
C.The partition of Bengal in 1905.
D.The Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919.
Solution
The formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885 is considered the beginning of the modern nationalist movement in India, as it provided a platform for political dialogue and activism.
Correct Answer: B — The formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885.
Q. Which of the following factors contributed most significantly to the rise of the Mughal Empire in India?
A.Military superiority over regional kingdoms
B.Support from local chieftains
C.Weakness of the Delhi Sultanate
D.Religious tolerance policies
Solution
The weakness of the Delhi Sultanate allowed the Mughals to establish their dominance, as they capitalized on the discontent among the local rulers and the fragmented political landscape.
Correct Answer: C — Weakness of the Delhi Sultanate
Q. Which of the following revolutions is often cited as a precursor to the American Revolution?
A.The French Revolution.
B.The Glorious Revolution.
C.The Haitian Revolution.
D.The Industrial Revolution.
Solution
The Glorious Revolution of 1688 is often cited as a precursor to the American Revolution, as it established principles of constitutional monarchy and parliamentary sovereignty.
Q. Which of the following statements best describes the significance of the Mauryan Empire in ancient Indian history?
A.It was the first empire to unify most of the Indian subcontinent.
B.It was primarily known for its trade relations with the Roman Empire.
C.It was the first to adopt Buddhism as the state religion.
D.It was characterized by a feudal system of governance.
Solution
The Mauryan Empire, established in 322 BCE, is significant for being the first empire to unify most of the Indian subcontinent under a centralized administration.
Correct Answer: A — It was the first empire to unify most of the Indian subcontinent.
Q. Which of the following was a direct consequence of the Industrial Revolution in Europe?
A.Decline in agricultural productivity
B.Rise of urbanization
C.Increase in feudalism
D.Strengthening of monarchies
Solution
The Industrial Revolution led to a significant rise in urbanization as people moved to cities for factory jobs, transforming social and economic structures.
Q. Which of the following was a major cause of the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857?
A.Economic exploitation by the British
B.Religious insensitivity towards Indian customs
C.Political annexation of Indian states
D.All of the above
Solution
The Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 was caused by a combination of economic exploitation, religious insensitivity, and political annexation, making all options relevant.
Q. Which of the following was a significant outcome of the Russian Revolution of 1917? (1917)
A.The establishment of a constitutional monarchy.
B.The rise of the Bolsheviks and the establishment of a communist state.
C.The end of World War I.
D.The expansion of the Russian Empire.
Solution
A significant outcome of the Russian Revolution of 1917 was the rise of the Bolsheviks, leading to the establishment of a communist state and the withdrawal of Russia from World War I.
Correct Answer: B — The rise of the Bolsheviks and the establishment of a communist state.
