Villi increase the surface area of the small intestine, enhancing the absorption of nutrients.

Alveoli are the tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material that carries the instructions for life.

Cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance that fills the cell and contains organelles.

Sexual reproduction promotes genetic variation, which is beneficial for adaptation and evolution.

Biopesticides are derived from natural materials and are considered environmentally friendly compared to chemical pesticides.

CRISPR technology offers high precision, low cost, and speed of modification, making it a powerful tool in genetic engineering.

GMOs can provide higher nutritional value, increased resistance to diseases, and lower production costs.

Mammals are characterized by the presence of hair or fur and mammary glands that produce milk.

Mollusca are primarily soft-bodied animals, many of which have a hard shell for protection.

Porifera, or sponges, are characterized by the presence of numerous pores (ostia) in their body.

Plasma is primarily composed of about 90% water, which serves as a solvent for various substances in the blood.

The cell wall of plant cells is primarily made of cellulose, which provides structural support.

The main disadvantage of asexual reproduction is the lack of genetic variation, which can make populations vulnerable to diseases.

Transpiration pull, created by the evaporation of water from the leaves, is the main driving force for water movement in plants.

Deforestation leads to habitat loss, which is a major threat to biodiversity.

Climate is the main factor that determines the type of ecosystem, influencing temperature and precipitation patterns.

Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize pathogens such as bacteria and viruses.

Cartilage provides support and flexibility to various structures in the body, such as joints and the rib cage.

Phloem is responsible for the transport of food (sugars) produced during photosynthesis from leaves to other parts of the plant.

Producers, such as plants, produce energy through photosynthesis, forming the base of the food chain.

Skeletal muscle tissue is responsible for voluntary movements of the body, allowing for locomotion and manipulation.

Stratified squamous epithelium primarily functions in protection against abrasion and pathogens.

Surfactant reduces surface tension in the alveoli, preventing their collapse and making it easier for the lungs to expand during inhalation.

Gastric acid activates digestive enzymes, particularly pepsinogen to pepsin, and helps in protein digestion.

Gastric juice contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin, which are essential for the digestion of proteins.

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for the filtration of blood and the formation of urine.

The nucleus stores the cell's genetic information and coordinates activities such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

The nucleus stores genetic information and controls cellular activities by regulating gene expression.

The renal pelvis collects urine from the collecting ducts and transports it to the ureter.