Genetics & Evolution - Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Q. What is the basic unit of heredity? (2020)
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A.
Gene
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B.
Chromosome
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C.
DNA
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D.
RNA
Solution
A gene is the basic unit of heredity, responsible for the transmission of traits from parents to offspring.
Correct Answer: A — Gene
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Q. What is the function of DNA polymerase? (2021)
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A.
Synthesizes RNA
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B.
Replicates DNA
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C.
Repairs DNA
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D.
Transcribes DNA
Solution
DNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes new strands of DNA during replication.
Correct Answer: B — Replicates DNA
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Q. What is the function of ribosomes in a cell? (2023)
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A.
DNA replication
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B.
Protein synthesis
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C.
Energy production
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D.
Cell division
Solution
Ribosomes are the cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis.
Correct Answer: B — Protein synthesis
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Q. What is the process by which DNA is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules? (2021)
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A.
Transcription
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B.
Translation
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C.
Replication
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D.
Recombination
Solution
Replication is the process by which DNA is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules.
Correct Answer: C — Replication
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Q. What is the role of DNA polymerase? (2021)
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A.
Transcription
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B.
Replication
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C.
Translation
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D.
Repair
Solution
DNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands during replication.
Correct Answer: B — Replication
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Q. What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription? (2021)
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A.
To synthesize DNA
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B.
To synthesize RNA
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C.
To unwind DNA
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D.
To splice RNA
Solution
RNA polymerase is responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template during transcription.
Correct Answer: B — To synthesize RNA
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Q. Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication? (2021)
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A.
DNA polymerase
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B.
Helicase
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C.
Ligase
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D.
Primase
Solution
Helicase is the enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix during the process of replication.
Correct Answer: B — Helicase
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells? (2019)
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A.
No nucleus
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B.
Circular DNA
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C.
Membrane-bound organelles
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D.
Binary fission
Solution
Eukaryotic cells are characterized by the presence of membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus.
Correct Answer: C — Membrane-bound organelles
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Q. Which of the following is a purine? (2019)
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A.
Cytosine
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B.
Thymine
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C.
Adenine
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D.
Uracil
Solution
Adenine is a purine, which is one of the two types of nitrogenous bases in nucleic acids.
Correct Answer: C — Adenine
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Q. Which of the following is not a component of DNA? (2018)
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A.
Deoxyribose
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B.
Phosphate group
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C.
Ribose
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D.
Nitrogenous base
Solution
Ribose is not a component of DNA; it is found in RNA. DNA contains deoxyribose.
Correct Answer: C — Ribose
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Q. Which of the following mutations does NOT change the amino acid sequence of a protein? (2022)
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A.
Missense mutation
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B.
Nonsense mutation
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C.
Silent mutation
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D.
Frameshift mutation
Solution
A silent mutation does not change the amino acid sequence of a protein despite a change in the DNA sequence.
Correct Answer: C — Silent mutation
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Q. Which of the following processes involves the conversion of mRNA into a protein? (2022)
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A.
Transcription
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B.
Translation
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C.
Replication
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D.
Translocation
Solution
Translation is the process where mRNA is decoded to produce a protein.
Correct Answer: B — Translation
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Q. Which of the following processes involves the transfer of genetic material between bacteria? (2022)
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A.
Transcription
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B.
Translation
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C.
Transformation
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D.
Transduction
Solution
Transformation is the process by which bacteria take up foreign DNA from their environment.
Correct Answer: C — Transformation
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Q. Which scientist is known for the discovery of the structure of DNA? (2017)
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A.
Gregor Mendel
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B.
James Watson
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C.
Francis Crick
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D.
Both James Watson and Francis Crick
Solution
James Watson and Francis Crick are credited with the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA.
Correct Answer: D — Both James Watson and Francis Crick
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