The Industrial Revolution brought about significant changes in urbanization and infrastructure, leading to more organized disaster response mechanisms.

The Space Race intensified the competition between the USA and USSR, symbolizing technological and ideological superiority, which significantly influenced international relations during the Cold War.

Mitigation refers to long-term strategies aimed at reducing disaster risk and minimizing the impact of disasters on communities.

The first genetically modified organism, a bacterium, was created in 1973 by Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen, marking a significant milestone in biotechnology.

The Chipko Movement, which began in the 1970s, is primarily associated with forest conservation, where villagers embraced trees to prevent them from being cut down.

The Five Year Plans in India were heavily influenced by the Soviet model of economic planning, focusing on state-led development.

The Green Revolution aimed to increase agricultural production but raised concerns about soil degradation, water scarcity, and biodiversity loss due to intensive farming practices.

Akbar's agricultural policies in ancient India promoted irrigation and crop diversity, significantly enhancing agricultural productivity.

Ancient China is known for its agricultural practices that included the use of the plow and the domestication of animals, which enhanced farming efficiency.

The Berlin Conference of 1884-85 is significant for dividing Africa among European powers, leading to arbitrary borders that disregarded ethnic and cultural divisions.

The term 'Artificial Intelligence' was coined in the 1950s during a conference at Dartmouth College.

The Congress of Vienna (1815) established the idea of buffer states in Europe to prevent any one power from becoming too dominant.

Climate refugees are people who are forced to leave their homes due to sudden or gradual changes in their environment, particularly natural disasters exacerbated by climate change.

The concept of 'Ecological Footprint' was popularized in the 1990s, providing a measure of human demand on the Earth's ecosystems and resources.

Sarvodaya, meaning 'welfare for all', emphasizes social justice and the upliftment of the marginalized, which is a core principle of inclusive growth.

The Treaty of Westphalia (1648) is often credited with shaping the modern concept of sovereignty and the principles of territorial integrity.

The Brundtland Report of 1987 introduced the concept of 'Sustainable Development', emphasizing the need to meet present needs without compromising future generations.

The 'Arthashastra' by Kautilya discusses various aspects of statecraft, including sustainable economic practices and resource management.

The Brundtland Report, published in 1987, popularized the concept of 'Sustainable Development', emphasizing the need for conservation while meeting the needs of the present without compromising future generations.

The Brundtland Report, published in 1987, introduced the concept of sustainable development, emphasizing the need to balance economic growth with environmental protection.

The Constitution of India enshrines the principles of a Welfare State, aiming for inclusive growth through social justice and equality.

Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press around 1440, which revolutionized the spread of information.

Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928, which led to the development of antibiotics.

The Dust Bowl was caused by a combination of severe drought and poor agricultural practices, including overgrazing, which led to soil degradation.

The Industrial Revolution marked a shift to factory-based production, transforming the economy and leading to urbanization.

Akbar's economic policies focused on maximizing revenue from agriculture through reforms like the Din-i Ilahi and the introduction of the zabt system.

Mughal economic policies included centralized control over trade, decentralized revenue collection, and promotion of local handicrafts, contributing to a vibrant economy.

The establishment of Yellowstone National Park in 1872 marked the beginning of the national park movement in the United States, influencing conservation efforts worldwide.

Apple introduced the Apple II in 1977, which is considered one of the first successful personal computers.

The Great Depression caused a decline in prices of agricultural products, severely affecting farmers and the rural economy in India.