Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases calcium levels in the blood by stimulating the release of calcium from bones and increasing calcium absorption in the intestines.

The pistil is the female reproductive part of the flower, consisting of the ovary, style, and stigma.

Selectable markers are genes that confer resistance to antibiotics or other substances, allowing for the identification of cells that have successfully taken up the vector.

Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy in plants.

DNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes new strands of DNA during replication.

Glucagon is a hormone produced by the pancreas that raises blood sugar levels by promoting the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver.

Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down macromolecules, old cell parts, and microorganisms.

NADP+ acts as an electron carrier, becoming NADPH during the light-dependent reactions.

Parathyroid hormone increases calcium levels in the blood by promoting the release of calcium from bones and increasing absorption in the intestines.

Petals serve to attract pollinators with their color and scent.

Phosphorus is crucial for energy transfer in plants, particularly in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

Ribosomes are the cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis.

Sclerenchyma tissue provides support and protection to the plant due to its thick, lignified cell walls.

Stomata are small openings on leaves that facilitate gas exchange, allowing CO2 in and O2 out.

The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate and digestion.

The cell membrane regulates the transport of substances in and out of the cell.

Cilia in the respiratory tract help to clear debris and pathogens by moving mucus upwards towards the throat.

The corpus luteum primarily produces progesterone, which is essential for maintaining the uterine lining during early pregnancy.

The cytoskeleton provides structural support, helps maintain cell shape, and is involved in cell movement.

The epiglottis is a flap that covers the trachea during swallowing, preventing food and liquid from entering the airway.

Oxytocin is involved in childbirth by stimulating uterine contractions and is also associated with social bonding.

The nucleus serves as the control center of the cell, housing the cell's genetic material.

The petals of a flower are often brightly colored and serve to attract pollinators such as bees and butterflies.

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes and is primarily involved in the synthesis of proteins.

Selectable marker genes are used to identify cells that have successfully taken up the recombinant DNA, allowing researchers to select for those cells.

The seminal vesicles produce a fluid that provides nutrients to sperm and helps form semen.

Sepals protect the flower bud before it opens.

The stigma is the part of the flower that receives pollen during pollination, allowing fertilization to occur.

Taq polymerase is a heat-stable enzyme used in PCR to synthesize new DNA strands by extending primers during the amplification process.

Xylem is responsible for the transport of water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.