The nitro group (-NO2) is a strong deactivating group due to its electron-withdrawing nature, making the aromatic ring less reactive.

The hydroxyl group (-OH) is a strong electron-donating group that activates the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution.

The hydroxyl group (-OH) is a strong electron-donating group due to resonance, enhancing the nucleophilicity of the benzene ring.

A rough metal surface has a larger surface area and more active sites for adsorption compared to smooth surfaces, leading to higher adsorption capacity.

The silver nitrate test is a classic method for confirming the presence of chloride ions, producing a white precipitate of silver chloride.

UV-Vis Spectroscopy can be used to identify metal cations based on their characteristic absorbance spectra.

Tungsten has the highest melting point among transition metals, at 3422 °C.

Iron is the transition metal used as a catalyst in the Haber process for synthesizing ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen.

Iron is used as a catalyst in the Haber process to synthesize ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen.

Iron (Fe) commonly forms octahedral complexes with a coordination number of 6.

Copper is a transition metal that forms colored compounds due to the presence of partially filled d-orbitals, allowing for d-d electron transitions.

Nickel is known for its ability to form stable complexes with various ligands.

Iron is a transition metal that is commonly associated with the formation of colored compounds due to its variable oxidation states.

Iron (Fe) is widely used as a catalyst in various industrial processes, including the Haber process.

Platinum is widely used in metallurgy for its excellent catalytic properties.

As you move from left to right across a period, electronegativity generally increases due to the increasing nuclear charge.

Carbon is a p-block element known for forming stable covalent bonds due to its tetravalency.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is widely used for making plastic bottles and containers due to its strength and recyclability.

The new substituent will most likely attach at the ortho position due to the activating effect of the electron-donating group.

The nitro group is a deactivating and meta-directing group, so the substitution occurs predominantly at the meta position.

Charles's Law explains that increasing temperature at constant pressure leads to an increase in volume of the gas.

The Kinetic Molecular Theory explains gas behavior by describing how gas particles are in constant motion and how this motion relates to temperature and pressure.

Le Chatelier's Principle states that if a system at equilibrium is subjected to a change in concentration, temperature, or pressure, the system will adjust to counteract that change.

Gel electrophoresis separates amino acids based on their charge and size, making it effective for qualitative analysis.

Liquid Chromatography is effective for separating complex mixtures of organic compounds based on their interactions with the stationary phase.

Electrophoresis is the best technique for separating charged particles in a solution based on their charge and size.

Atomic absorption spectroscopy is highly effective for detecting trace metals due to its sensitivity and specificity.

Capillary Electrophoresis separates ions based on their charge and size using a gel medium, making it suitable for qualitative analysis.

The azimuthal quantum number (l) determines the shape of the orbital, with values ranging from 0 to n-1.

The principal quantum number indicates the size and energy of the orbital.