General Principles of Metallurgy
Q. In the context of metallurgy, what does the term 'gangue' refer to?
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A.
The desired metal
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B.
The waste material
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C.
The reducing agent
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D.
The flux used
Solution
Gangue refers to the waste material that is separated from the desired metal during the extraction process.
Correct Answer: B — The waste material
Q. What is the main purpose of calcination in metallurgy?
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A.
To remove moisture
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B.
To convert carbonates to oxides
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C.
To reduce metal ores
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D.
To purify metals
Solution
Calcination is primarily used to convert carbonates to oxides by heating them in the absence of air.
Correct Answer: B — To convert carbonates to oxides
Q. What is the primary oxidation state of iron in the mineral hematite?
Solution
In hematite (Fe2O3), iron is primarily in the +3 oxidation state.
Correct Answer: C — +3
Q. What is the primary purpose of roasting in metallurgy?
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A.
To reduce metal oxides
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B.
To remove impurities
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C.
To convert sulfide ores to oxides
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D.
To increase metal yield
Solution
Roasting is used to convert sulfide ores into oxides, making them easier to reduce.
Correct Answer: C — To convert sulfide ores to oxides
Q. What is the primary role of flux in metallurgy?
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A.
To increase temperature
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B.
To reduce metal oxides
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C.
To combine with impurities
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D.
To enhance metal properties
Solution
Flux combines with impurities to form a slag that can be removed during the smelting process.
Correct Answer: C — To combine with impurities
Q. Which of the following acids is commonly used in the leaching process of gold extraction?
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A.
Hydrochloric acid
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B.
Nitric acid
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C.
Sulfuric acid
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D.
Cyanide solution
Solution
Cyanide solution is used in the leaching process to dissolve gold from its ore.
Correct Answer: D — Cyanide solution
Q. Which of the following elements is most likely to form a coordination compound with a coordination number of 6?
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A.
Copper
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B.
Iron
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C.
Nickel
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D.
Cobalt
Solution
Cobalt commonly forms coordination compounds with a coordination number of 6 due to its ability to accommodate six ligands.
Correct Answer: D — Cobalt
Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of a good reducing agent?
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A.
High electronegativity
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B.
High ionization energy
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C.
Low oxidation potential
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D.
High oxidation potential
Solution
A good reducing agent has a low oxidation potential, allowing it to easily donate electrons.
Correct Answer: C — Low oxidation potential
Q. Which of the following metals is most commonly extracted using the electrolysis method?
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A.
Iron
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B.
Aluminum
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C.
Copper
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D.
Zinc
Solution
Aluminum is extracted from its ore, bauxite, using electrolysis due to its high reactivity.
Correct Answer: B — Aluminum
Q. Which of the following metals is most likely to undergo oxidation in a redox reaction?
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A.
Gold
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B.
Platinum
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C.
Silver
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D.
Sodium
Solution
Sodium is highly reactive and readily undergoes oxidation due to its low ionization energy.
Correct Answer: D — Sodium
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