Functional Groups and Nomenclature - Higher Difficulty Problems
Q. What is the correct IUPAC name for the compound with the structure CH3-CH2-COOH?
A.Propanoic acid
B.Butanoic acid
C.Acetic acid
D.Isobutyric acid
Solution
The compound has three carbon atoms in the longest chain and a carboxylic acid functional group, making it propanoic acid.
Correct Answer: A — Propanoic acid
Q. What is the IUPAC name for the compound with the formula C5H10O that contains a ketone functional group?
A.2-Pentanone
B.3-Pentanone
C.1-Pentanone
D.Pentanal
Solution
The compound is a ketone with five carbon atoms. The longest carbon chain is pentane, and the ketone group is on the second carbon, making the IUPAC name 2-Pentanone.
Correct Answer: A — 2-Pentanone
Q. What is the major product of the reaction between 1-bromopropane and sodium hydroxide in an aqueous solution?
A.1-Propanol
B.2-Propanol
C.Propene
D.No reaction
Solution
The reaction is a nucleophilic substitution (SN2) where sodium hydroxide replaces the bromine atom, resulting in 1-Propanol.
Correct Answer: A — 1-Propanol
Q. What type of reaction occurs when an alcohol reacts with a carboxylic acid to form an ester?
A.Hydrolysis
B.Esterification
C.Oxidation
D.Reduction
Solution
The reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid to form an ester is known as esterification.
Correct Answer: B — Esterification
Q. Which functional group is present in the compound 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde?
A.Aldehyde
B.Ketone
C.Alcohol
D.Ether
Solution
The compound contains a benzaldehyde functional group (aldehyde) along with hydroxy and methoxy substituents.
Correct Answer: A — Aldehyde
Q. Which of the following compounds is an example of an ester?
A.Ethyl acetate
B.Butan-1-ol
C.Acetic acid
D.Propanoic acid
Solution
Ethyl acetate is formed from the reaction of ethanol and acetic acid, making it an ester. The other options are either alcohols or acids.
Correct Answer: A — Ethyl acetate
Q. Which of the following is the correct IUPAC name for the compound with the structure CH3-CH(CH3)-C(=O)-OH?
A.3-Methylbutanoic acid
B.2-Methylbutanoic acid
C.3-Methylpropanoic acid
D.2-Methylpropanoic acid
Solution
The compound has a carboxylic acid functional group and a methyl group on the third carbon of a four-carbon chain, making it 3-Methylbutanoic acid.
