The mechanism of nitration of benzene is electrophilic substitution, where the nitronium ion acts as the electrophile.

The reaction proceeds via an SN2 mechanism due to the primary nature of 1-bromobutane, allowing for a backside attack by the nucleophile.

In an SN2 reaction, the nucleophile attacks the carbon from the opposite side of the leaving group, resulting in inversion of configuration.

In an SN2 reaction, the nucleophile attacks the carbon atom from the opposite side of the leaving group, leading to a backside attack and inversion of configuration.

The reaction proceeds via an SN2 mechanism, as 2-bromobutane is a secondary haloalkane and the nucleophile attacks from the opposite side.

Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution. Here, M = 0.4 moles / 2 L = 0.2 M.

2,3-dimethylpentane has a total of 7 carbons and 16 hydrogens, giving it the molecular formula C7H16.

2-butyne is an alkyne with the formula C4H6, as it contains a triple bond.

3-methyl-1-butyne has the molecular formula C5H8, as it contains a triple bond.

2,3-dimethylbutane has a total of 7 carbon atoms and 16 hydrogen atoms, giving the formula C7H16.

2-butyne has a triple bond and contains 4 carbons and 6 hydrogens, giving the formula C4H6.

The molecular formula of the compound formed when hydrogen reacts with chlorine is HCl (hydrochloric acid).

With 2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs, the molecular geometry is bent due to the repulsion of lone pairs.

A trigonal bipyramidal electron geometry with one lone pair results in a T-shaped molecular geometry.

CO2 has a linear geometry due to the arrangement of two double bonds around the central carbon atom.

NH3 has three bonding pairs and one lone pair, resulting in a trigonal pyramidal geometry.

PCl5 has 5 bonding pairs and no lone pairs, resulting in a trigonal bipyramidal geometry.

SF6 has an octahedral geometry due to six bonding pairs of electrons around the central sulfur atom, with bond angles of 90 degrees.

SF6 has six bonding pairs and no lone pairs, resulting in an octahedral molecular geometry.

The sulfate ion has four bonding pairs and no lone pairs, resulting in a tetrahedral molecular geometry.

The Nernst equation is E = E° - (0.059/n)log(Q) at 25°C.

The Nernst equation is E = E° - (RT/nF)ln(Q), where R is the gas constant, T is temperature, n is moles of electrons, and F is Faraday's constant.

The Nernst equation relates the cell potential to the concentrations of reactants and products, allowing for the calculation of cell voltage under non-standard conditions.

The net ionic equation shows the formation of water from hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions.

The order of the reaction is the sum of the exponents in the rate law. Here, it is 2 (from [A]^2) + 1 (from [B]) = 3.

In potassium dichromate, chromium has an oxidation state of +6.

In the complex [Cr(NH3)6]Cl3, the ammonia ligands are neutral, so the oxidation state of chromium is +3.

The oxidation state of chromium is +3, calculated from the charges of the ligands.

In [Cr(NH3)6]Cl3, the ammonia ligands are neutral, so the oxidation state of chromium is +3.

In HCl, hydrogen has an oxidation state of +1.